594 DR. J. B. MARK AND MR. W. G. FEARNSIDES ON [Nov. 1909, 



RawtheyValley) was more powerful than the ice coming down 

 the gorge, is indicated by the direction of the drumlins in the fork 

 where the two valleys meet. The Howgill and Rawthey ice there 

 pushes its drumlins well out into the gorge. The Lune gorge is 

 well glaciated : it is a marked U-shaped valley with well-truncated 

 spurs, which give much of its sides a rocky character. On the 

 west side is a hanging valley forming the northern half of Great 

 Combe, and the rest of that combe was apparently enlarged by a 

 corrie-glacier. The truncated spurs may be well seen; from view- 

 points about Tebay, or between that village and Low Borrow Bridge ; 

 and below them the valley has been to some extent deepened by 

 ice. Subsequently, however, that part of the valley was filled with 

 Boulder Clay which is now being excavated by the river, but still 

 forms a marked terrace on each side of the valley, where the flatter 

 lower portions of the old catenary drift-slopes remain undeuuded. 

 Towards Sedbergh the Lune Valley drift is less regularly arranged 

 than it is to the north of Lowgill : for this part of the valley was 

 the dumping-ground for terminal morainic material. 



(3) The Rawthey Lowland. — The Rawthey Valley is wide 

 .and, on the whole, flat-floored. The north side, forming the scarp- 

 face of the Howgills, is characterized by admirable truncated spurs 

 .on all the hills between the Lune and Rawthey Bridge. These, 

 when viewed from near Sedbergh railway-station, are well seen on 

 "Winder and Crook, where the change of slope and the rocky character 

 of the spurs is clearly exhibited. But, although these spiirs afford 

 testimony of the widening of the valley by ice, there is little evidence 

 ■of serious overdeepening by the same agency. Much drift, however, 

 still lies in the valley concealing a great portion of the floor, and 

 this may, to some extent, mask overdeepening. 



(B) Glaciation of the Valleys of the Howgill Highland. 



It will be convenient to treat these valleys in order, according 

 as their waters flow to the Lune Gorge, the Rawthey or the Raven- 

 stonedale Lowland. We will begin with the valleys tributary to the 

 Lune Gorge. 



Two small valleys occur on the east side of the Lune, between 

 Tebay railway-station and Carling Gill. They do not appear to have 

 been glaciated, but are filled with deltoid masses of drift (save only 

 where subsequently cleared out by post-Glacial stream-erosion) ; 

 and the drift runs continuously with that of the Lune-Valley 

 terrace, forming the upper part of its catenary slope. This drift 

 appears to have been deposited by Lune ice moving transversely 

 a,nd at right angles to these valleys. 



Deltoid masses of drift occupy the bottoms of many of the minor 

 valleys. The apex of the delta is towards the valley-head, and the 

 drift slopes with a fairly uniform grade towards the foot— the 

 surface being nearly plane, or forming a slight catenary in cross- 



