602 DR. J. E. MARR AND MR. W. G. FEARXSIDES ON [Nov. 1909, 



at least as high as this. The phenomena developed here are in 

 part like those of the two gills north of Blease Fell, south of 

 Tebav, where the ice was also moving at right angles to the 

 tributary valleys. 



Similar features are seen in the next valley to the east, Ash 

 Beck Grill, which rises on the south-east side of Arant Haw 

 and runs southwards to the Bawthey between Crook and dickers 

 Fell. They are seen also on a smaller scale in Little Ash Beck, 

 between Sickers Fell and Knott. The appearance suggests that a 

 tongue of ice flowed from the next valley to the east (Hobdale Beck), 

 over a col behind and north of Sickers Fell, to the head of Ash 

 Beck Gill, and thence over a col behind Crook to Settle Beck Gill. 

 Hence Crook and Sickers Fell may have stood out as ' nunataks ' 

 between this ice and that of the Bawthey, though it is more than 

 probable that at the time of maximum glaciation the confluent 

 ice-masses also covered the fell-tops mentioned. Another tongue 

 from the Hobdale Valley seems to have flowed through the col 

 between Sickers Fell and Knott into Little Ash Beck. 



It is very doubtful whether any ice-erosion occurs either in the 

 Settle Beck or in the Ash Beck valleys, owing to the passage of ice 

 at right angles. Appearances indicate that, if the drift were cleared 

 away from them, they would show V-shaped cross-sections. 



The Hobdale valley is of greater size than those last mentioned. 

 Hobdale Beck rises in a combe below Calders (2200 feet) and flows 

 southwards through a U-shaped valley with the truncated wrecks 

 of overlapping spurs. It has a curved course with a concavity to 

 the west where, below Hobdale Scar, there is a Glacial scoop to 

 which the scar is due. Below this, the ice-tongue already men- 

 tioned crossed behind Sickers Fell and between Sickers Fell and 

 Knott. About a mile below its source Hobdale Gill receives 

 Grimes Gill, the source of which is not far from that of Hobdale 

 Gill. It flows down the east side of Middle Tongue with a con- 

 cavity on the east. In the upper part of Grimes Gill there is but 

 little sign of glaciation, save in the conchoidal scoop on its eastern 

 side and in the large landslip which (probably determined by Glacial 

 steepening of grade) has slipped forward from its western side. 

 Below the landslip a moraine occurs. Lower down, the valley is 

 V-shaped, approximating to the U-shape. The upper part of the 

 valley has local drift, but at the 800-foot contour the presence of 

 Carboniferous boulders shows that the Bawthey Valley drift has 

 been reached ; and, owing to the Glacial widening of the Bawthey, 

 the stream cuts through the deltoid drift-mass with increased grade. 

 The ice of Hobdale was probably rendered nearly inert by the 

 pressure of this Bawthey ice. 



Between Hobdale and Pickering Gill, drift occurs on the west 

 slopes of the Bawthey to a height of 1200 feet, plastered against a 



