608 



DR. J. E. MAKE AND ME. W. G. EEAKN SIDES ON [Nov. 1909, 



by drift. The head of Shawgill Sike is cut off, owing to the 

 widening of Bowderdale by ice ; and hence a marked col occurs 

 between it and Bowderdale. Through this at one time there was 

 a marginal overflow from the ice, and another smaller overflow 

 drained somewhat farther north, but the water from this latter 

 returned to Bowderdale at a lower point. 



- Bowderdale is the next important valley to the west. It is 

 well graded below the col at which the capture by Cautley Gill has 

 occurred. Below this col the valley for some distance is not appreci- 

 ably glaciated, there having been no gathering-ground for the ice. 

 About a mile north of the col it receives the waters of Hazel Gill 

 from the west, and of Great and Little Bandy Gills from the east. 

 The valleys of these are V-shaped. Some drift occurs at the bottom 

 of the united Randy Gill streams. Below the junction of these 

 streams with Bowderdale the latter valley is markedly and suddenly 

 affected by Glacial erosion, and becomes a U-shaped valley. It 

 has a truncated spur on its eastern side between "Watley and 

 Leath Gills ; and its lower part is nearly straight, with the spurs on 



each side of the 



— Outline of Bowderdale, seen from near 



Ravenstonedale railway-station. 



Pig. 6. 



valley well trun- 

 cated. This fea- 

 ture is well shown 

 by the change of 

 slope when look- 

 ing up the valley 

 from the north 

 side of the Lune 

 near Ravenstone- 

 dale railway - 

 station. We append a diagram of this, which illustrates the type 

 of cross-section of the U-shaped valleys of the district. 



[The broken line indicates the pre-G-lacial outline 

 of the valley-slopes.] 



A wide expanse of moorland separates the lower part of Bow- 

 derdale from Langdale. Over this flow the two streams, Birk Gill 

 on the east and Cote GillBeck on the west. The tops of these 

 valleys are cut off by the widening of Langdale by ice, and drift 

 has passed over the cols thus produced and extends thickly down 

 each of the valleys. Carboniferous boulders were found at.Cote Gill 

 Farm near the junction of the two streams, thus indicating that the 

 Lake District ice occupied this more lowland region ; but whether 

 the drift at the head is that of the Lake District ice, or of ice 

 coming over from Langdale, we did not discover. 



gf. The Langdale valley has three feeders: — Langdale Beck on 

 the east, Churn Gill in the centre, and Uldale Gill on the west. 

 Langdale Beck rises on the north side of The Calf, with three 

 minor feeders of which the westernmost is beheaded by Longrigg 

 Beck at Wind Scarth Wyke, as previously stated. The valleys 



