Vol. 65.] THE HOWGILL FELLS AND THEIR TOPOGRAPHY. 609 



of these little tributaries have small combes at their heads ; and 

 much angular drift of the type described in Great Swindale is 

 laid bare, and is now being cleared out from them by the stream- 

 action. Glacial action has produced little modification of the upper 

 part of the Langdale valley, for the valley and all its feeders above 

 the junction of West Grain are V-shaped. The head of West 

 Grain contains the buttressed angular drift. Below the entrance 

 of the West Grain stream, Langdale becomes suddenly and markedly 

 U-shaped, with conchoidal scoops in the concavities and exhibiting 

 well-truncated spurs. The bottom is occupied by alluvium or 

 fluvio-glacial deposit. 



Churn Gill also arises in a combe with much angular material 

 at its head. It is U-shaped, but with an approach to the Y-outline 

 lower down. 



Tig. 7, — Ulclale : a typical U-shaped valley. 



The capture of the head-waters of Uldale has already been 

 considered. North of the ' corrom ' at the watershed the valley is 

 narrow, and a small moraine lies in the bottom immediately north 

 of Blakethwaite Bottom. It then turns due north, and north of 

 Uldale Head there is a combe, when the valley at once becomes 

 modified by ice-erosion, and is a well-marked U-shaped valley all 

 the way down to its junction with the Lune. 



The occupation of the two remaining valleys, Ellergill and Tebay 

 Gill, by foreign ice has already been mentioned. 



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