INSTINCTS AND EMOTIONS IN FISH. 41 



She is often seen with her whole family playing about her, and 

 after some time she conducts them in triumph to the ocean. 

 (Buffo*.) 



Among the Lophobranchiate order of fish, or those in which the 

 gills consist of small rounded tufts attached to the branchial arches, 

 and which are represented by the Pipe- and Horse-fishes of the 

 British seas, we find that in most of the species the males perform 

 the function of hatching the eggs, which for that purpose are 

 deposited up, to the time of the evolution of the young, either be- 

 tween the ventral s (in the genus Solenostomus), or in tail-pouches 

 (in Hippocampus), or in pouches ou the breast and belly {\nDory- 

 rJiamphus), or in rows on the breast and belly (in Nerophis), and 

 are thus carried about by the fish*. M. Risso notices the great 

 attachment of the adult Pipe-fish to their young, and this pouch 

 probably serves as a place of shelter to which the young ones 

 retreat in case of danger. I have been assured by fishermen 

 that if the young were shaken out of the pouch into the water 

 over the side of the boat, they did not swim away, but when the 

 parent fish was held in the water in a favourable position the 

 young would again enter the pouchf. 



M. Carbonnier has recorded how the male of the curiously 

 grotesque Telescope-fish, a variety of Carassius auratus, Linn., 

 acts as accoucheur to the female. Three males pursued one 

 female which was heavy with spawn, and rolled her like a ball 

 upon the ground for a distance of several metres, and continued 

 this process without rest or relaxation for two days, until the ex- 

 hausted female, who had been unable to recover her equilibrium 

 for a moment, had at last evacuated all her ova J. 



That adult fish are capable of feeling affection one for another 

 would seem to be well established : thus Jesse relates how he 

 once captured a female Pike (Esox lucius) during the breeding- 

 season, and that nothing could drive away the male from the spot 

 at which he had perceived his partner slowly disappear, and 

 whom he had followed to the edge of the water. 



Mr. Arderon§ gave an account of how he tamed a Dace, which 

 would lie close to the glass watching its master ; and subsequently 



* Kaup, Catal. Lopho, Fish in Brit. Mus. 1856, p. i. 

 t Yarrell, Erit. Fishes, 2nd ed. ii. p. 436. 

 \ Oompt. Rend. Nov. 4th, 1872, p. 1127. 

 § Phil. Trans. Royal Society, 1747. 

 LINN. JOURN, ZOOLOGY, VOL. XV. 4 



