346 DIPTEEOUS GENUS TIPULA 



fuscous — Professor Doane describes theui as fuscous or brown and 

 divided by a line. The middle stripe is fuscous — except in alia 

 and clathrata — and divided by a median line; the latter generally 

 widens rapidly from the middle third in such a way that only 

 a lateral margin is left. Perhaps it would have been more correct 

 to consider the middle stripe as concolorous and margined, the 

 margins encroaching upon and more or less concealing the ground 

 color. The wing pattern presents great uniformity, the differ- 

 ence being one rather of degree than in kind. In those species 

 with the wing pattern most pronounced, such as alia and doanei, 

 the wing is conspicuously spotted with fuscous and white, between 

 these and the almost unicolorous wing of derelicta we find different 

 degrees of intensity, though the essential pattern remains the 

 same. It should be stated, however, that the identical pattern 

 of this group occurs in species of Tipula not at all related to these. 

 It must also be remembered that the wing patterns in the females 

 of Tipula are more striking than in the males. 

 • To the eight species tabulated by Professor Doane I have to 

 add seven more, making a total of fifteen. As the separation of 

 the species is based essentially upon the hypopygial characters 

 of the male, I have added an auxiliary synopsis of species, which 

 may enable the student to separate and determine his species at 

 least approximately. This applies especially to the females where 

 the essential characters are not applicable. I wish to remark 

 here that all Tipulidae taken in coitu should be so designated on 

 the labels. Tipula hebes Loew was chosen to represent the 

 group because of its being more generally known among students 

 and collectors of the Tipulidae. 



Synoptical Table of Species 



1. Lateral appendages of ninth sternite without clawlike or pendulous 



processes madera Doane 



Lateral appendages with clawlike or pendulous processes 2 



2. Lateral appendages with two processes 3 



Lateral appendages with three processes 10 



3. Lower process membranous, pendulous 4 



Lower process distinctly chitinized, not pendulous 5 



4. Pendulous process slender throughout, bladelike processes nearly 



straight; upper process of lateral appendage scarcely widened 

 distally. Flagellum fuscous fallax Loew 



