4 GUIDE TO INSECTS. 



In arranging the gallery the intention has been to begin with 

 the most primitive forms (which are nearest to the Centipedes and 

 Millipedes in the next part of the gallery), and to proceed from these 

 to the higher forms, or those most removed in their structure from 

 the primitive type. 



Scientific terms are avoided as much as possible ; but the names 

 of the parts of an insect, having no English equivalents, are shown 

 in a diagram of a Cockroach in the cover of the first table-case. 

 The following words are also in use : — 



Apterous. — Without wings. 



Joint. — This is applied to the parts or segments of the 

 anlennse, palpi and tarsi. 



Metamorphoses. — The changes undergone by an insect as it 

 grows to maturity. 



Neuration. — The arrangement of the veins or nerves in the 

 wings of an insect. 



Ovipositor. — The instrument used by the female insect in 

 depositing eggs. 



Puncture. — A mark on a surface as if made with a pointed 

 instrument. 



Geniculate. — Applied to the antenna? of an insect when they 

 are bent at an angle in the middle ; elbowed. 



The following diagram (fig. 1) shows the relationship which is 

 believed to exist between the various Orders of insects. 



The following is the sequence in which the Orders are placed in 

 the cases : — 



A'ptera, Orthoptera, Neuropiera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Hyme- 

 noptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Rhyncliota. 



Class INSECTA. 

 (Table-cases 29-56.) 



Insects are small animals whose bodies are divided into three 

 regions, called respectively the head, thorax and abdomen. They 

 breathe by means of trachem or air tubes distributed through the 

 body, but opening externally by means of orifices, called spiracles, 

 placed at the sides of the body. They have six legs, which are 

 attached respectively to the three portions or segments of which the 



