66 J. G. GOODCHTLD ON THE GLACIAL PHEXOiLEXA OF THE 



that occur in the same way in the same beds of drift must neces- 

 sarily have been carried thither in the same way. 



In the northern part of the area included between lines marked A 

 and B on the map (Plate IT.), well-glaciated stones from the " Green 

 Slate-and-Porphyry " series occur here and there in the Brockram- 

 bearing drift. Most of this rock is quite unlike any of the Upper 

 Silurians of the Lake district; these stones must therefore have 

 come from the west. 



Advancing a little to the north, we cross the southern line of dis- 

 persal of Shap granite. This line is marked B on the map, and 

 does not differ materially from that drawn by Prof. Harkness in his 

 paper on the distribution of Shap-granite Boulders*. It has been 

 generally supposed that Shap-granite blocks are to be found only 

 on the surface, and do not anywhere occur in true Glacial drift. 

 But Prof. Hughes long ago found many unmistakable examples in 

 the drift of different parts of Westmoreland, and the writer has since 

 detected others ; in fact, as has been pointed out by Mr. Gunn, of 

 the Geological Survey, the number of Shap-granite boulders exposed 

 in the drift bears as great a proportion to the superficial area of the 

 sections of drift that are exposed, as the surface-blocks, numerous 

 though they are, do to the whole area of the country wherein they 

 occur. Well-glaciated boulders occur in abundance immediately to 

 the east of Wastdale Crag itself; and although none of these are 

 clearly seen in the drift itself, because no good sections are yet laid 

 open, yet the fresh and unweathered appearance of those that occur 

 at the surface speaks plainly enough of the lateness of their removal 

 from the drift in which they were imbedded. 



There is no need here to particularize all the localities in the 

 Eden valley where Shap-granite boulders occur in drifts of the stiff- 

 clay-matrix and glaciated-stone type. It is sufficient to state that 

 it does occur as glaciated blocks in drift of this character, and that 

 it is often associated with glaciated fragments of Brockram. 



Passing now to the north of the line marked C on the map, in 

 the country around Brough, the drift yields Brockram, Shap granite, 

 and well-glaciated stones of all the Lake-country rocks that were 

 mentioned as being made use of as tests of the direction taken by 

 the drift. These stones occur in the drifts all the way from the 

 summit of Stainmoor to the parent masses. 



Perhaps the most remarkable boulders are those (nearly always 

 small ones) of the syenite of Ennerdale, of the particular variety 

 which Mr. Ward has shown to occur as boulders all the way from 

 Buttermere to Cockermouth. Mr. Ward does not think that any of 

 this rock has come down the dales to the east of that in which the 

 river Cocker flows ; so that its occurrence in the till on Stainmoor 

 affords a very valuable piece of evidence, the importance of which 

 will be shown further on. 



Between the lines marked C and D respectively, the drift con- 

 taining the stones above mentioned has in addition a number of 

 glaciated boulders of rocks from Kirkcudbrightshire and Dumfries - 

 * Quart, Joum. Geol. Soc. toI. xxri. p. 517 (1870). 



