EDEN VALLEY AND YORKSHIRE-DALE DISTRICT. 79 



low ground, the upper division is quite as clayey in the matrix, and 

 contains as large a proportion of glaciated stones as the ordinary till. 

 On the other hand, in the smaller valleys the clayey till seems to 

 thin away, and to be represented by drift resembling that found 

 under similar circumstances in the Dale district. 



Wherever we have an opportunity of determining to which divi- 

 sion any particular patch of drift belongs, we find that the higher 

 drift contains the bigger and more angular blocks, and that there 

 seems to be a larger proportion of far-derived boulders in it than has 

 yet been detected in the lower division. But on this point one 

 cannot always be quite sure, as, unless the section is very deep and 

 kept quite clear, it is but rarely that the underlying beds can be 

 examined. In the few instances in the Eden valley where a deposit 

 answering to the true till is laid bare, it lias yielded stones which 

 have undoubtedly come from a distance. The other stones in it, 

 although they have not travelled so far, have yet been transported 

 long distances in precisely the same direction as those in the over- 

 lying drift. 



The drift sections in Swindale, above Brough, afford good instances 

 of this. At Swindale Head, at an elevation of about 1350 feet above 

 the sea, a thin bed answering to the description of the till occurs 

 under a much thicker mass of more loosely aggregated drift. A few 

 of the ordinary Eden-valley drift stones occur in the upper deposit, 

 most of them having a more local origin than those that are not so 

 near the boundary line of the up-travelled drifts. In the tough tills 

 beneath, we have a stiff clayey matrix of a deep red colour, which is 

 derived from the wear and tear of the Permian rocks of the Eden 

 valley. Among the stones several recognizable fragments of Brock- 

 ram may be detected, thus proving that this till, like the very 

 different upper drift, has moved upwards from the Eden valley, and 

 that both drifts have moved in the same direction. It should be 

 noted that this red till is nearly 700 feet higher thain any of the red 

 rocks from which it must have been derived. 



The only exposures of the lowest drift on Stainmoor are in dif- 

 ferent parts of Swindale Beck. The numerous sections in the higher 

 drift that is considered to be the equivalent of No. 2 of the Dale- 

 district drifts, show that it has a tolerably uniform character nearly 

 everywhere on the high ground. The stones in it vary as regards 

 origin, according to the position of the mound where they occur. The 

 mounds to the east of line A (PI. II.) contain nothing but what might 

 have been derived from local rocks. Between A and B the stones 

 have come from a greater distance. Lines B and C enclose mounds 

 which contain Shap granite and many rocks from the Lake country, 

 in addition to others that have not travelled as far. And, lastly, the 

 area included between C and D is that in which the drift includes 

 detritus from the north of the Lake district, the various kinds of 

 granite and other igneous rocks from Galloway, and a few perhaps 

 even from the Lower Old Bed Sandstone at the head of Nithsdale. 

 Yet the general parallelism of the drift mounds, and their similarity 

 in form and size from the lowest ground up to the highest point 



