684 G. BUSK ON THE MAMMALIAN REMAINS FROM THE 



2. Several other vertebrae, dorsal and lumbar. 



3. A perfect scapholunare of the right side, measuring 24 x 2-2 

 inches in antero -posterior and transverse diameters. 



4. A third lower molar, much worn, and dark-coloured, measur- 

 ing 0-9 x 0-7 inches. 



5. A scaphoid of smaller size. 



The dimensions of these bones and tooth, with the exception of 

 the navicular last enumerated, would indicate that they belonged to 

 an animal of large size ; and from the dimensions of the tooth I 

 should be inclined to refer it to Ursusferox. None of them presents 

 any characters rendering it likely that the species was U. spelceus. 



2. Ht^na. 



H. spelcea is represented by portions of several lower jaws, teeth, 

 and other bones, which call for no particular remark, except that 

 they all appear to have belonged to aged individuals — several of the 

 teeth being worn to mere stumps. 



3. Cants. 

 Three species of the genus Canis are represented in the collection. 



1. C. LTJPTJS. 



Numerous bones of a large Wolf occur, amongst which the prin- 

 cipal are : — 



1. A portion of the mandible containing the pm. 4 and m. 1. 

 The specimen is chiefly remarkable for the extreme wearing of the 

 teeth. 



The dimensions of the teeth, as regards length and thickness, are 

 precisely the same as in a specimen of the Arctic "Wolf (No. 4370 A, 

 E. C. S.) with which I have compared them. At the same time, 

 however, it should be remarked that the dimensions of m. 1, or the 

 lower carnassial, are exactly alike in the European and Arctic Wolf, 

 whilst the length of the fourth premolar is rather greater in the 

 European form. In the size of the latter tooth the cave-specimen 

 agrees exactly with Canis occidentalis ; and to that extent the fos- 

 silized specimen may be regarded as more nearly approaching the 

 American than the existing European species. 



I would also here remark that in a specimen of Wolf from the 

 Cavern of Gailenreuth, the difference in the size of all the premolars, 

 except the first, is in the same direction ; that is to say, so far as I 

 have had an opportunity of observing, it would seem not improbable 

 that the existing European Wolf has rather larger premolars than 

 the ancient cave-animals. The point is perhaps one worthy of more 

 extended inquiry. 



2. A perfect atlas, the transverse diameter of which is 4*15 

 inches. The muscular impressions are very strongly marked. 



3. A nearly perfect axis, which accords with the above exactly 

 in size, and might be supposed, as I think is highly probable, to 

 belong to the same individual ; the two, however, differ in colour. 



