ROCK-EISSTJRE CAVERN IN ORESWELL CRAGS. bo7 



As, unfortunately, the slender transverse processes are both broken 

 off in the cave-specimen, their size can only be estimated from the 

 fractured surface, close to which the vertebrarterial foramen or short 

 canal may be seen, which appears to be of very small size, as in the 

 Arctic compared with the common Fox. 



The greater prominence of the keel in the Arctic Fox is seen both 

 in the front view and, still better, in the lateral view of the axis of 

 both the Arctic and Cave-Fox (figs. 1 & 2) as compared with the 

 same point in fig. 3. In both the small vertebrae the keel will be 

 seen (in the side view, o) to project slightly beyond the level of the 

 lateral alae of the centrum, by which, in the common Fox it is con- 

 cealed when the bone is viewed in the same position. 



Having compared several specimens of the Arctic Fox, it appears 

 to me that the differences above noted are constant ; and I have 

 therefore little or no hesitation in referring the axis from Creswell 

 Crags to Cards lagopus, thus adding that species, so far as I am 

 aware, for the first time to the British antral fauna. 



The association, moreover, of this species with the Reindeer, 

 Glutton, and Elk cannot be regarded as at all improbable *. 



4. Gtjlo lttscfs. 



Not more than two well-marked remains of the Glutton have been 

 noticed by me in the collection. One of these, which is represented 

 in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 4), is a fragment of the pelvis, 

 presenting the acetabulum and portions of the foramen ovale and of 

 the greater sciatic notch. The distinctive characters of the bone 

 nevertheless seem to be fully shown in this fragment. The only 

 species of mammal whose pelvis in the corresponding part could be 

 confounded with the present specimen is the common Badger (Meles 

 taxus) ; but the difference between the two, even in such an imperfect 

 relic, is sufficiently marked. In Gulo the foramen ovale is more 

 elongated than in the Badger, in which it is nearly circular ; and 

 this greater length is well shown in the specimen figured. 



Again, the edge of the ischial border of the greater sciatic notch 

 is more abruptly curved inwards at the upper part, as at b in the 

 figure, in Gulo than in Meles. 



* In a recent number of the Archiv. f. Anthropologic (vol. viii. p. 123 et seq.) 

 is an account by M. Eiitimeyer of the animal remains discovered in a cavern 

 at Thayingeh, near Schaffhausen. Amongst these he describes the remains of two 

 species of Fox differing from the common European C. wipes. One, of which not 

 less than 60 lower jaws were met with and a good many upper ones, resembled 

 in its dentition C. ( Vulpes) fulvus of America. Of the second species, which M. 

 Eiitimeyer terms C. lagopus, about 90 mandibles besides other bones were found, 

 whilst the animal itself was very graphically represented in an incised engraving 

 on a bone of Reindeer, showing that without doubt this Arctic species was at that 

 period abundant in Middle Europe and familiarly known to the men of the Rein- 

 deer Period in Switzerland. It is interesting also to remark that M. Riitimeyer 

 enumerates in the fauna of Thayingen five individuals at least of the Glutton, 

 and that, although no actual relics of the Musk-Ox were discovered, certain 

 evidence of its existence in the neighbourhood at the same period was afforded 

 by a very characteristic carving of the head in bone. 



Q. J. G. S. No. 124. 2 z 



