142 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



longer than the others. These appendages arise from special ball-like 

 points, encircled by a special area, and are globular in form, or, in 

 some cases, nearly pyriform, with a definite neck or stalk ; they are 

 dotted as though with spiculae in a rectangular pattern, and appear to 

 have some internal ribbing or skeleton (which remains stiff in a mounted 

 specimen, whilst the surface loses its plumpness and shrivels). There 

 are eight pairs of abdominal legs one pair on each of the first eight 

 abdominal segments, arranged so as to suggest that this double row 

 is a modification of the double rows of appendages on the upper sur- 

 face. These legs are, however, of a very different structure from the 

 balls of the upper surface, and also from the true legs on the thoracic 

 segments. They consist of a large stem or shaft with, both towards 

 the base and apex, some doubtful spicular projections ; this shaft is 

 apparently cylindrical, and contains a body which is either a vessel or 

 tube, or a tendon to the terminal claw. The shaft arises from a 

 conical base to which it is not distinctly jointed, but is rather con- 

 tinuous with it. The terminal piece is a very distinct and separate 

 structure, in general outline much like the terminal joint or claw of 

 a thoracic leg, but with the sharp apex rounded off, the convexity is 

 directed forwards (not inwards). It is of homogeneous, semi-trans- 

 parent texture, but marked by oblique lines, which suggest, whether 

 correctly or not I cannot say, that the surface between them is raised 

 in rounded ridges, which pass round the anterior and posterior edges 

 and make it look like a conventional cornucopia. (In preserved 

 specimens the shafts of these legs seem laterally compressed). Another 

 structure is a sucker on the undersurface of the 9th and 10th 

 abdominal segments, or possibly only on the 10th, the 9th being very 

 narrow in front of it ; its form is trefoil with one leaf forwards. This 

 sucker, on a lepidopterous larva, is, of course, very unusual, and is a 

 further point of relationship to the Limacodids. The 10th abdominal 

 segment carries dorsally two hairs. The true legs besides the base, 

 which is a little full and raised, consist of three joints, and much 

 resemble the thoracic legs of an ordinary lepidopterous larva. The 

 first large joint has two spurs on its inner margin, about the middle, 

 and two or three hairs on the same zone, laterally and dorsally ; the 

 second more slender joint is rather longer, and narrows about the 

 middle, where there is a spur or bristle on its inner margin ; on the 

 outer side at its extremity, is an indication of a bristle or two, but 

 no definite appendage. The last joint is again rather shorter, and 

 terminates in a sharp point. The head is rather longer than broad, 

 and narrows a little forwards ; there are two strong mandibles, with 

 four brown teeth. The antennae are very long, about equal in length 

 to the transverse diameter of the head ; there are two short, thick 

 basal segments, as to the first of which I am not very sure, whether it 

 is a true segment or a basal projection ; there are two long segments 

 about equal in length, and a nearly as long terminal joint, which is 

 little more than a seta in thickness. Two pairs of palpi are also visible 

 — two and three-jointed — apparently similar to those usual in lepi- 

 dopterous larvae. There is also a central point (spinneret ?) [Chapman] . 



Cocoon. — The cocoon is described by Chapman as being fairly 

 tough, composed of yellowish silk, and with scraps of moss coating it, 

 ovoid, 3 mm. long, and 1-5 mm. broad. 



Pupa, — The only recorded observation on the pupa of this super- 



