162 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



simple veins, variously fused towards the inner margin ; and seven 

 apically furcate veins, variously fused towards the base, and connected 

 by a series of transverse bars." 



The genus Epimartyria is intermediate between Palaeomicra, 

 Meyr. and Micropteryx, Hb. It appears to be more archaic, in some 

 respects, than Micropteryx, and more closely allied to Palaeomicra. It 

 is diagnosed by Walsingham as follows : — 



Epimartyria.- — Imago : Antennae (|) moniliform, each bead with a fringe of 

 long hairs from the circle of its widest diameter, projecting forward as far as the 

 middle of the bead above it. Mandibles developed. Haustellum absent. Labial 

 palpi (? absent). Maxillary palpi strongly developed, 5-jointed, scaled, hairy on the 

 basal joints, curved inward. Maxillae distinct. Ocelli present. Head and face 

 very rough. Fore-wings with the costa somewhat excavate at the base, thence 

 slightly arched, apex rounded ; somewhat widened across the middle. Neuration : 

 lb furcate at base, connected by a bar with lc, which has a small fork at the extreme 

 base ; vein 2 out of 3 immediately beyond angle of lower cell, 2 + 3 (cubital) con- 

 tinued to near the base, but becoming furcate before the bar from 16 to lc ; the 

 lower limb of the fork is almost obsolete, and goes to lc ; the upper is distinct and 

 goes to the median (4 + 5 + 6) ; 4 furcate, one limb going to cubital before origin 

 of 2, the other limb to median at about f , at which point 5 is bent down to unite 

 with it ; 5 and 6 separate and almost parallel ; 6 furcate at base connecting median 

 with radial ; 7 and 8 stalked (7 to slightly above apex) and continued through cell 

 to about midway between 11 and 10 ; the transverse veins joining 10 to 9, 9 to 

 7 + 8, and 7 + 8 to 6 are weak, and that between 9 and 10 is furcate, enclosing a 

 small cell between its limbs on vein 10 ; 11 and 12 connected by a transverse bar, 

 before which vein 12 throws out a branch to the costa ; costa chitinised at base, 

 outwardly sharply defined by a short humeral vein ; jugum developed ; anal 

 margin of the wing chitinised. Hind-wings as broad as the fore-wings, apex 

 rounded ; with flat scales. Neuration as in the fore-wings, but 16 not furcate at 

 base, lc not connected with cubital, and cubital not connected with median towards 

 base ; transverse vein between 9 and 10 not furcate, 11 absent. Abdomen : genital 

 armature, consisting of four lateral plates and strong bifid uncus, the lower plates 

 with a tooth at their apex. Legs with hind tibiae not hairy above, median spurs 

 moderate, apical very small ; middle legs without spurs (Entom. Record, etc., 

 pp. 161-162, July, 1898). 



The beads of the antennae have longer stalks, and thus are more 

 distinctly separated than those of Micropteryx (calthella) ; moreover, 

 in M. calthella they are shaped like a small conical bullet with the 

 base outwards, whereas, in E. pardella, they are more spherical, and 

 are vase-shaped, with the mouth straight, and wider than the stem, 

 the middle portion bulged, and almost flanged. No such structure is 

 observable in the normally cylindrical and closely compressed joints of 

 Eriocrania, Z. 



Erratum. — p. 160, line 5 from bottom, read " or below (chalcophanes) the 

 additional vein, 12 sometimes (chalcophanes) connected with upper margin," etc. 



Superfamily II : NEPTICULIDES. 

 This superfamily includes the smallest known of all Lepidoptera, 

 the imagines averaging from 3-8 mm. only in wing expanse. The 

 rough head and face, and folded palpi are very characteristic of the 

 Nepticulid species, whilst the antennae are short, and not unlike those 

 of the Micropterygids. The anterior wings are short and broad, and 

 the scales comparatively large for the size of the moths. The eggs 

 are laid on a leaf or leafstalk, the young larvae, on hatching, imme- 

 diately boring into the leaf-substance directly beneath the egg. The larva 

 lives in the parenchyma, between the upper cuticle and the median 

 vascular structure of the leaf, and makes a mine, the character 

 of which is generally very marked for each individual species. Whether 

 the egg be laid on the upper or underside of the leaf, the larva makes 

 its way (with a very few exceptions) to the upperside, and confines its 



