NEPTICULA POMELLA. 191 



one end ('mussel-shaped'), and has a brightly coloured rim around 

 the upper edge, which gives it a striking appearance. The pupa pro- 

 trudes itself on the emergence of the imago." Frey notes : " The 

 cocoon is elongated, rounded, and pale reddish-brown in colour." 

 Heinemann describes it as " oval, rather flat, and of a reddish- 

 brown colour." 



Food-plant. — Pyrus malus. 



Time of appearance. — The species is double-brooded, the imago 

 appearing in May and August, from larvae that feed up in October- 

 November, and July respectively. The July larvae appear to be scarcer 

 than those of the October-November brood (Vaughan). Hind says that 

 at York, mines are common from October to December, and that the 

 imagines emerge in June or commencement of July, flying at sunrise ; 

 the species there appears to be single-brooded. Vaughan bred 

 imagines between April 6th-8th, 1859. Fletcher says that in Sussex 

 " the species is distinctly double-brooded, the summer brood is rarer 

 and the specimens smaller than the autumnal brood " (in litt.). 



Localities. — Cambridge: Cambridge (Farren). Dorset: Purbeck, Wey- 

 mouth (Bankes), Glanvilles Wootton (Dale), Bloxworth (Cambridge). Essex : 

 Wanstead (Elisha). Gloucester : Bristol (Vaughan). Hereford : Tarrington 

 (Wood). Kent: Lewisham (Stainton). Lancashire: Preston and Grange 

 (Threlfall). Sussex: Bersted Mundham, Bognor, Worthing, Chichester, abundant 

 in leaves of garden apple (Fletcher), Guestling (Bloomfielcl). Yorkshire: 

 Richmond (Sang), Scarborough, on crab apple (Wilkinson), York (Hind). 



Distribution. — France : Nohaut, Indre (Sand). Germany : Alsace 

 (Peyerimhoff) , Brunswick, Hanover, Frankfort-on-the-Main (Heine- 

 mann), Brandenburg, Potsdam, Friedland, Hamburg, nr. Stettin, 

 Liegnitz (Sorhagen). Netherlands : not common, Friesland, Arnhem, 

 Gelderland, Rotterdam (Snellen). Russia : Maandja (Nolcken), 

 South-west Russia, St. Petersburg (Wocke). Switzerland: nr. Zurich 

 (Frey). 



NEPTICULA PYGMiGELLA, HaWOrth. 



Synonymy. — Species : Pygmaeelld, Haw., " Lep. Brit.," pt. iv., p. 586 (1828) ; 

 Sta., •' Ins. Brit.," p. 298 (1854) ; " Nat. Hist. Tin.," i., p. 148, pi. v., fig. 1 (1855) ; 

 " Man.," ii., p. 431 (1859) ; ? H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," v., p. 348* (1855) ; Staud. and 

 Wocke, " Cat.," etc., p. 335 (1871); Nolcken, "Lep. Fn. Est.," p. 755 (1871); 

 Hein. and Wocke, " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 729 (1877) ; Sand, "Cat. Lep. Auv.," 

 p. 200(1879); Peyer., " Cat. Lep. Als.," 2nd Ed., p. 163 (1882); Snellen, "Vlin- 

 ders," etc., ii., p. 978 (1882); Sorhagen, "Die Kleinschmett. Brandenburg," 

 p. 344 (1886); Meyrick, " Handbook," etc., p. 714 (1895). Perpycjmaeella, Dbdy., 

 "List.," 1866, p. 36 ; Porritt, " List York. Lep.," p. 170. 



Original description. — Tinea (The least Pygmy") alis antice 

 pallide auratis, capite rufescente. Expansio alarum lf-2-|- lin. Pro- 

 culdubio minima omnium Lepidopterorum qme unquam vidi. Praa- 

 cedenti {rufieapitell a) forte indistincta at duplo minor, minus aurata, 

 margine ipso postico solum obsolete purpurascente. Caput rufum seu 

 ferrugineum. (3. Capite albido, forte mere ab a3tate, at alis magis 

 auratis quam in a. Habitat apud Chelseiam. Imago Septis vix 

 infrequens (Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, pt. iv., p. 586). 



Imago. — Head ferruginous. Anterior wings 4-5 mm. in expanse ; 

 pale ashy-grey in colour, with a very slight violet tinge towards the 

 apex ; cilia paler grey. Posterior wings and cilia grey. 



* Heinemann writes : " I suspect that Herrich-SchafTer's N. pygmaeella 

 belongs to N. aeneella. It is certainly not Stainton's species, since that has pale 

 ashy-grey anterior wings." 



