NEPTICULA PYGM3T.ELLA. 193 



2Sfch, 1855. He also captured imagines at Lewisham, on May 15th, 

 1849 ; June 4th, 1851 ; May 9th, 1851. Specimens of the second 

 brood were bred on August 1st, 1854, and captured between 6 and 7 

 a.m., flying in the sunshine, on August 19fc, 1851 ; Evans records it 

 as occurring on May 23rd, 1895, at Kirknewton. 



Localities. — Cambridge : Cambridge (Farren), Newmarket (Warren). 

 Cheshire : Bowdon (Edleston). Derby : Burton (Sang). Dorset : Weymouth, Port- 

 land, common (Richardson), Isle of Purbeck (Bankes). Durham: Darlington (Stain- 

 ton). Gloucester: Bristol (Vaughan). Hereford: Tarrington (Wood). Kent: 

 Lewisham (Stainton), Mottingham (Bower). Lancashire: Manchester (Stainton), 

 Grange [Hodgkinsonj, Liverpool dist. (Gregson), Preston (Threlfall). Lincoln : nr. 

 Louth (Fletcher). Midlothian: Kirknewton (Evans). Norfolk: King's Lynn 

 (Atmore), Norwich (Barrett). Northumberland: Newcastle-on-Tyne (Stainton). 

 Sussex: Lewes (Stainton), abundant on hawthorn throughout county, Arundel 

 Park, Worthing, etc. (Fletcher), Guestling (Bloomfield). Westmorland: Wither- 

 slack (Threlfall). Yorkshire: York (Hind), Scarborough (Stainton), Doncaster 

 (Warren), Harrogate and Richmond ^Sang), Sheffield (Doncaster). 



Distribution. — France : Nohaut, Indre (Sand). Germany : Alsace 

 (Peyerimhoff), Brunswick (Sorhagen). Holland : not rare, and found 

 as larvae in autumn in many places (Snellen). Switzerland:? nr. 

 Zurich (Frey). 



nepticula viscerella, Stainton. 



Synonymy. — Species: Viscerella, Sta., " Zool.," 18-53, 3958; "Ins. Brit.," p. 

 298(1854); "Nat. Hist. Tin.," i., 126, pi. iii., fig. 1(1855); " Man.," ii., p. 431(1859); 

 H.-Sch., " Sys.Bear.," v., p. 349 (1855) ; Frey, "Linn. Ent.," xi., p. 374 (1857) ; 

 Staud. and Wocke, "Cat.," p. 336 (1871) ; Hein. and Wocke, " Schmett. Deutsch.," 

 p. 733 (1877) ; Sand, "Cat. Lep. Auv.," p. 200 (1879); Peyer., "Cat. Lep. Als.," 

 2nd Ed., p. 165 (1882) ; Meyr., " Handbook," etc., p. 715 (1895). 



Original description. — The notice in which this species was first 

 named reads as follows : " On elm, two larvae were distinguished, one 

 yellow and the other green. The imago of the green one is not closely 

 allied to any previously known species ; from the gut-like appearance 

 of its mine, Mr. Douglas has proposed for it the name of N. viscereUa" 

 (Stainton, Zoologist, 1853, p. 3958). The earliest description of the 

 species is as follows : " N. vlscarella (Dough), Sta., Zool., 1853, p. 

 3958. Alis anticis olivaceis, postice saturatioribus ; capillis luteis, 

 fusco-mixtis. Exp. al. 2^ lin. Head and face yellowish, intermixed 

 with fuscous. Antennae fuscous, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings 

 rather of an olive tint, posteriorly darker, with whitish cilia. Posterior 

 wings whitish-grey, with whitish-grey cilia. Appears in May (?), but 

 not hitherto met with in the perfect state. The bright green larva 

 mines the leaves of the elm in autumn, making the convokitions of 

 its narrow mine so close together that they form brown blotches ; it 

 is excessively abundant in many localities (Stainton, Imecta Britannica, 

 pp. 298-299). 



Imago.— Head yellowish-fuscous. Anterior wings 5-6 mm. in 

 expanse; olive in colour, darker towards the apex; cilia whitish. 

 Posterior wings and cilia whitish-grey. 



Egg laying. — The egg is laid on the upper surface of an elm-leaf. 



Mine. — The larva, on commencing its mine, deposits its excre- 

 ment in a slender, dark brown line. The mine, from its commence- 

 ment to its termination, is continuously contorted, not spirally, but 

 backwards and forwards — each fresh turn fitting closely to the side of 

 tbe last turn, so that no unmined portion of the leaf remains within the 

 boundaries of the mine ; after the first third of its length, the excrement 

 is deposited in little rows of brown grains, filling up the whole width of 



M 



