256 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Cocoon. — The cocoons (2) examined are about 2-1 mm. in length and 

 1*6 mm. in width, of a dark reddish or purplish-brown colour; oval 

 in outline, with one end considerably wider then the other. The domed 

 portion of the cocoon rises directly from the edge, leaving no rim except 

 at one corner of the broader end, where there are slight traces of one. 

 The domed portion rises to a considerable height, and is somewhat 

 flattened at the top. The cocoon is somewhat roughened, loose silken 

 fibres projecting all over the surface. Pieces of earth are attached to 

 these loose fibres, showing the cocoon to be subterranean. [Described 

 July 7th, 1898, under a two-thirds lens, from cocoons sent by Dr. 

 Wood.] Wood notes that the cocoon is "subterranean;" Hind's 

 statement that the cocoon is "pinkish-white," must refer to some 

 other species, unless there is considerable variation, or a great change 

 in the colour after it is formed. 



Food-plant. — Crataegus oxyacantha. 



Time of appearance. — The species is said to be single-brooded, 

 the imagines appearing in May and June (Sand gives July for 

 Mont Dore, in Auvergne, and Peyerimhoff, March and April for 

 Alsace), the larvae being full-fed, and having vacated the leaves by the 

 end of August. Fologne notes the larva; as full-fed on June 7th, 1860, 

 at Brussels. The imagines are common at the end of May and 

 beginning of June at King's Lynn (Atmore). Sang records mines at 

 Darlington, on August 5th, 1861, and July 15th, 1871, as well as on 

 September 26th, 1863, and October 12th, 1870. Stainton captured 

 imagines May 21st, 1849, May 20th, 1850, May 22nd, 1851, June 

 5th, 1877, at Lewisham, May 17th-21st, 1851, at Beckenham, July 16th, 

 1854, in cop., August 4th, 1849, at Lewisham, and August 5th, 1849, 

 at Sanderstead. Stainton bred imagines on January 25th, 1853, March 

 6th-13th, 1855, at Lewisham, April 9th, 1853, at Beckenham. 

 July 16th, 1852, Nov. 11th, 1852, and August 8th-16th, 1853, at 

 Lewisham. These dates suggest either a very straggling single brood, 

 or more probably a double brood for the species. Threlfall bred 

 imagines from June 10th-20th, 1879, from larvae collected at Preston, 

 on September 23rd, 1878. Atmore captured imagines at King's Lynn, 

 on April 27th, 1898. 



Localities. q — Cambridge : Cambridge, common (Farren). Cheshire : Bowdon 

 (Edleston). Derby: Burton (Sang). Dublin: Killister (Birchall). Durham: 

 (Darlington (Sang). Edinburgh: Duddington (Logan). Gloucester: Bristol 

 (Vaughan). Haddington: Luffness (Evans). Hereford: Tarrington (Wood). 

 Kent: Lewisham and Beckenham (Stainton). Lanark: nr. Glasgow (King). 

 Lancashire : Manchester (Stainton), Preston (Threlfall). Midlothian : Green- 

 bank (Evans). Norfolk : Bawsey, North Runcton (Barrett), King's Lynn (Atmore). 

 Surrey : Haslemere (Barrett). Sussex : Brighton (Vine), Arundel Park (Fletcher). 

 Westmorland: Witherslack (Hodgkinson). Yorkshire: Scarborough (Wilkinson), 

 ? York (Hind), Huddersrield (Inchbald). 



Distribution. — Belgium : nr. Brussels (Fologne). France : Mont 

 Dore (Sand). Germany : Frankfort-on-the-Main (Heyden), Alsace 

 (Peyerimhoff), Berlin, Friedland, Stettin, Hamburg (Sorhagen). 

 Italy : Lombardy and Piedmont, not rare (Curo). Netherlands : 

 common (Snellen). Switzerland: nr. Zurich (Frey). 



* So much confusion has existed between this species and N. ignohilella, owing 

 to the mistake about the larva in Stainton's Manual, that possibly most of the. 

 records are untrustworthy. Both species are probably widely distributed. 



