NEPTICULA LUTEELLA. 287 



flange, but somewhat egg-shaped, although rather flattened, one end 

 (from which the empty pupa-case projects) being rather broader than 

 its nadir. The shape of the cocoon is largely lost by its being 

 enveloped in a plentiful covering of long, loose flossy silken fibres. 

 The projecting pupal skin is quite transparent, without markings, 

 except on the mesothorax, which is shaded with dark grey. [Described 

 under a two-thirds lens, on June 17th, 1898, from cocoons sent by 

 Dr. Wood.] Wood says that the cocoon is " white or pale buff" in 

 colour, so that it would appear that some are even paler in colour than 

 those described. Heinemann calls it "small, flat and buff-coloured." 



Food-plant. — Betula alba, preferring small bushes (Stainton). 



Time of appearance. — The species is double-brooded, the imago 

 appearing in May and August, from larvas found in September and 

 July respectively. Stainton bred imagines on June 2nd, 1850, and 

 May 27th-30th, 1858, from West Wickham larvse. He captured 

 others on May 16th, 1848, at Lewisham, June 22nd-23rd, on Dartford 

 Heath, and May 7th and July 7th, 1852, on oak-trunks at West 

 Wickham. Mines with larvae were found on October 24th, 1873, at 

 Darlington, October 2nd, 1878, at Richmond, Yorkshire, October 

 14th, 1878, at Wolsingham (Sang) ; larvae also were found very 

 plentifully on one small birch-tree on the hillside above the Bridge of 

 Allan, on August 12th, 1858 (Stainton). Nolcken found imagines on 

 June 10th, 1862, at Rotsikull, and larvre, September 3rd and 8th, 

 1866, at Pichtendahl. Threlfall bred imagines June lst-6th, 1879, 

 from larvae obtained at Witherslack, October 5th, 1878. 



Localities. — Aberdeen : generally distributed, Pitcaple, etc. (Reid). 

 Cheshire : Bovvdon (Edleston). Dorset : Purbeck, Waveham (Bankes). Durham: 

 Darlington, Wolsingham (Sang). Gloucester: Bristol (Boyd). Hereford: 

 Tarrington (Wood). Kent : Dartford Heath, West Wickham, Lewisham (Stain- 

 ton). Lancashire : Manchester (Edleston), Grange (Threlfall). Leicester : Whit- 

 wick (Sang). Somerset: Clevcdon (Mason). Stirling : Bridge of Allan (Stainton). 

 Suffolk: Brandon (Warren). Surrey: Mickleham (Stainton). Sussex: 

 Abbott's Wood, Tilgate Forest (Fletcher). Westmorland: Witherslack (Threl- 

 fall). York : Scarborough (Wilkinson), Richmond and Harrogate (Sang), Sheffield 

 (Doncaster), York (Hind), Doncaster (Warren). 



Distribution. — Germany : north Germany (Wocke), Brunswick, 

 Wolfenbuttel, Hanover (Heinemann), Potsdam, Breslau (Sorhagen), 

 Pomerania (Hering). Russia: Pichtendahl, Rotsikull (Nolcken), 

 Livland (Sorhagen), I. of Aland (Reuter). Scandinavia : Scania 

 (Wallengren). 



nepticula sorbi, Stain ton. 



Synonymy.— Species : Sorbi, Sta., " Ent. Ann.," 1861, p. 91 ; Staud. and Wocke, 

 " Cat.," p. 338 (1871) ; Nolcken, " Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 779 (1871) ; Hein. and Wocke, 

 " Schinett. Deutsch.," p. 754 (1876) ; Sand, " Cat. Lep. Auvergne," p. 201 (1879) ; 

 Wallgrn., " Ent. Tids.," ii., p. 128 (1881) ; Sorhagen, " Kleinschmett. Brandbg.," p. 

 307 (1886) ; Hering, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," hi., p. 220 (1891) ; Meyr., " Handbook," 

 etc., p. 721 (1895). 



Original description. — I propose this name for the blotch-making 

 Nepticula of the mountain-ash (Sorbus aucuparia), which has been 

 bred rather freely by Mr. Wilkinson of Scarborough. The larva 

 cannot be at all confounded with the larva of A 7 , aucupariae, 

 since that makes a distinct regular gallery, whilst the mine of 

 N. sorbi forms a very decided blotch of irregular form. The 

 perfect insects differ vastly, A T . aucupariae being an unicolorous, and 

 N. sorbi a fasciated species. N. sorbi has the most resemblance to 



