356 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Scarborough. Bower has one belonging to this form from Brandon, 

 taken July 20th, 1878. 



Larva. — The larva burrows under the bark of broom, and is full- 

 fed in April, or early in May. It assumes the pupal state within its 

 burrow, the imago not appearing before the middle of July (Glitz). 

 Warren notes that " at end of May he beat out many fat, bright, 

 amber larvte, which were evidently full-fed, and on the point of 

 spinning up, and found the smaller broom leaves along the twigs eaten 

 out and whitened by the larvje ; one leaf is not enough for them, and 

 they mine from one to another beneath the cuticle of the stem " (in 

 litt., December 1st, 1889). 



Food-plant. — Cytisas scoparius (Glitz). 



Time of appearance. — This species appears to be double- brooded, 

 imagines occurring in June, and again in July-August. Stainton 

 captured specimens, always among broom, on July 15th, 1848, and 

 July 16th, 1880, at the Bridge of Allan, July 10th, 1880, at Pitlochry, 

 July 18th, 1848, in cop., at Torwood, July 6th-llth, 1849, at Mickle- 

 ham, August 9th, 1849, and August 3rd, 1850, at Charlton. Zeller 

 captured imagines June 8th, 1848, at Glogau, and Mann, in the 

 middle of June, at Pratovecchio, but Frey gives the end of July for a 

 single capture he made near Wiirenlos. Fletcher obtained the species 

 freely in broom coverts, ,nr. Thetford, in August, 1884, and at Burgess 

 Hill, on July 28th, 1894. Bower notes July 29th, 1889 (seven speci- 

 mens), August 5th, 1891, August 8th, 1892, and June 19th-26th, 1893 

 (common), also August 15th, 1895, August 4th, 1897, at Lee, among 

 broom. Sang made captures at Darlington on July 5th, 1857, July 

 7th, 1861, July 27th, 1874, and August 8th, 1879 (teste, Gardner). 

 Bankes found it from August 19th-31st, 1889, at Purbeck, whilst 

 Evans met with it on the Braid Hills on June 30th, and again on 

 August 18th, 1894, at Tynefield. Warren gives it as taken abundantly 

 in the first half of August, by beating the lower parts of broom bushes 

 into an umbrella, whilst Bankes bred the insect from June 20th-24th, 

 1890, from moss received from Perth, in May, 1890, broom growing 

 where the moss was collected. 



Localities. — Cheshire : Crewe (Thompson). Dorset : Purbeck (Bankes). 

 Durham: Darlington (Sang). Edinburgh: Braid Hills (Evans). Gloucester: 

 Bristol (Stainton). Hereford: Woolhope (Wood). Kent: Charlton, Dartford 

 Heath f Stainton), Lee (Bower). Lothian (East): Tynefield (Evans). Middlesex: 

 Hampstead Heath (Warren). Norfolk: nr. Thetford (Fletcher). Perth: Perth 

 (Bankes), Torwood, Pitlochry (Stainton). Stirling: Airthrey, Bridge of Allan 

 (Stainton). Suffolk : Brandon (Barrett). Surrey : Mickleham (Stainton). 

 Sussex : Burgess Hill (Fletcher). Yorkshire : Scarborough (Wilkinson). 



Distribution. — Africa (North) (Meyrick). Austria: Bohemia, nr. 

 Beichstadt (Fischer-v.-Boslerstamm). Germany : Glogau (Zeller), 

 Hamburg, Stettin, Hanover (Sorhagen). Italy: Tuscany, Pratovecchio 

 in the Apennines (Mann). Netherlands : South Holland, Gelderland, 

 Arnhem, Groenlo, Overijssel, Raalte (Snellen). Switzerland : Wiirenlos, 

 nr. Zurich (Frey). 



trifurcula pallidella, Zeller. 

 Synonymy.— Species : Pallidella, Zell., " Linn. Ent.," iii., p. 332, figs. 51-52 

 (1848) ; Sta. and Zell., " Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," v., p. 138 (1848) ; H.-Sch., 

 "Sys. Bearb.," v., p. 350 (1855); Staud. and Wocke, "Cat.," p. 335 (1871); 

 Krause, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xxxii., p. 304 (1871) ; Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alp. Mar.," 

 p. 174(1875); Hein. and Wocke, " Schmett. Deutsch.," ii., p. 72G (1877) ; Hodg., 



