C0CHLIDI0N. 369 



Imago. — Head rough ; ocelli present ; tongue rudimentary ; antennae simple 

 in s and ? , scaled all round shaft ; labial palpi porrected, short and pointed, 

 roughly scaled beneath terminal joint ; thorax, abdomen and femora hairy ; 

 posterior tibiae fully spurred ; fore-wings rather oblong. Neuration generalised. 



cochlidion avellana, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Species: Avellana, Linne, " Sys. Nat.," 10th ed., i., p. 531 

 (1758); "Fauna Suecica," p. 344 (1761) ; Werneburg, " Beitrage zur Schmett.," 

 i., pp. 228-9 (1864) ; Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Heterocera," i., p. 552 (1892) ; " Handbook," 

 etc., in., p. 224 (1897). Limacodes, Hufn., " Berl. Mag.," iii., p. 402 (1767) ; Eott., 

 " Naturf.," ix., p. 134 (1776) ; Esper, " Die Schmett.," Hi., p. 140, pi. 26, figs. 3-9 

 (1784) ; De Vill., " Linn. Ent.," ii., p. 138 (1789) ; Staud., " Cat.," p. 62 (1871) ; 

 Peyer., "Cat. Lep. Als.," p. 57 (1880); Auriv., "Nord. Fjarilar," p. 58 (1888); 

 Meyrick, " Handbook," etc., p. 451 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Moths," p. 349 (1896). 

 Sutyhurea, Fab., " Gen. Ins.," p. 279 (1777). Bufo, Fab., " Mant. Ins.," ii., 

 p. 121 (1787). Umax, Bork., "Sys. Besch.," iii., p. 449 (1790). Testudo, Fab., 

 " Mant.." ii., p. 121 (1787) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," etc., p. 447 (1790) ; Godt. et Dup., 

 "Lep. France," iv., p. 279, pi. 28, figs. 1-2 (1822) ; Stephs., " Illus.," ii., p. 86 

 (1829); Bdv.. " Ind. Meth.," p. 57 (1829) ; "Hist. Nat. Lep.," i., p. 119 (1836); 

 Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 28 (1839) ; Dup.. " Cat. Meth.," p. 85 (1844) ; H.-Sch., 

 " Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 16 (1845) ; Sta., " Man.," i., p. 169 (1857) ; Speyer, " Geog. 

 Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 304 (1858) ; Snell., " De Vlinders," etc., p. 120 (1867) ; Nolck., 

 "Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 118 (1868) ; Newm., " Brit. Moths," p. 21 (? 1869) ; Frey, 

 "Lep. der Schweiz," p. 89 (1880); Hering, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xlii., p. 153 

 (1881) ; Buckl., "Larvae Brit. Lep.," iii., pi. 53, fig. 8 (1889) ; Chapman, "Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. Lond.." 1894, p. 345. Fmialis, Donov., " Brit. Ins.." hi., pi. 76 (1794). 

 Asella, Esp., "Die Schmett.," iii., pi. 85, fig. 4, supp. p. 36 (1784). Testudinana, 

 Hiibn., "Eur. Schmett.," vii., figs. 164-165 (? 1803) ; " Verz.," p. 398 (? 1822) ; 

 Ochs. et Treits., " Schmett. Eur.," viii., p. 14 (1830). 



Original description. — Phalaena Tortrix avellana, alis superiori- 

 bus testaceis ; fasciis ferrugineis sesquitertiis (Linn6, Sys. Nat., 10th 

 Ed., p. 531). Linne also refers to a previous description which reads as 

 follows : " Phalaena seticornis spirilinguis ; alis incumbentibus flavis ; 

 fasciis duabus griseis obliquis ; postica interrupta. Magnitudine muscse 

 carnivorse ; alse deflexo-incumbentes, breves, latre ; superiores pallide 

 flavescentes, fasciis duabus retrorsum spectantibus, fusco-griseis, 

 quarum postica in medio interrupta. Pedes spinosi " [Linne, Faun. 

 Suec, 1st Ed., pp. 272-273 (1746)1. This description is not accom- 

 panied by a specific name, it may oelong to this species ; Kirby has 

 adopted it, following Werneburg. 



Imago. — Male dark brown, female yellow-ochreous. Anterior wings 

 with an oblique dark transverse line in the centre, and a second 

 outside this, extending directly from the costa to the anal angle. 

 Posterior wings brown, without markings, ochreous along the inner 

 margin. 



Variation. — The sexual dimorphism of this species is very marked. 

 The males, as a rule, are smaller than the females, and of a deep 

 red- or orange-brown colour. The females are of a yellow-ochreous 

 tint. The individual specimens, however, exhibit considerable minor 

 variation. The males are sometimes much suffused with black, the 

 brown ground-colour showing only as scattered patches ; others have 

 a distinct blackish band stretching from the costa to the inner 

 margin ; the majority, however, have only the two normal oblique 

 transverse lines, and a third curved line cutting off the anal angle ; 

 occasionally a male is found which possesses the ochreous colour 

 usually indicative of the female. The brighter females are yellow- 

 ochreous, approaching orange, and the hind- wings almost of the 

 same colour as the fore- wings ; others have the fore-wings somewhat 



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