878 BRITISH LEPIDOPTEHA. 



(1829); Dup., "Cat. Lep.,"p. 84, in part (1844); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 21 

 (?1869); Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 118 (1868); Frey, "Lep. der Schweiz," 

 p. 90 (1880). Cochliopoda, Hering, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," ii., p. 153 (1881). 



There is no absolute diagnosis by Knoch of Heterogenea. It is 

 practically included in his account of the species, which extends to 

 18 pages. He explains that the insect will not conform to any of 

 Linne's groups, and adds : 



Both larva and pupa are entirely different from any previously described 

 moths [the " shield-larvaa " of certain butterflies differing little from other larvas 

 except in shape] and being of entirely different structure, cannot be included in 

 any of Linne's sections of Phalaena. The imago differs in the outline of the 

 wings from the Tortricids, but has filiform antennae like most of them, and is 

 therefore in some measure intermediate. The antennae do not, however, afford 

 a reliable character for their classification, so that, I consider, this and the allied 

 one {Phalaena limacodes) must form a new section. For this reason I have called 

 them " heterogeneous " Phalaenae. 



Chapman's observations on the structure of the evaginated spines 

 of the larva of Heterogenea suggest this as being probably a more 

 generalised genus than Cochlidion. 



The principal characters of the genus may be diagnosed as follows : — 



Ovum. — Flat, ovoid, slightly narrowed at one end, transparent, surface reticu- 

 lated. 



Larva. — Limaciform ; head retractile ; true legs illdeveloped ; prolegs replaced 

 by retractile suckers ; very finely spined in early stages, smooth when adult. 



Pupa. — Incomplete ; appendages free ; abdominal segments free ; maxillary 

 palpus remarkably well-developed ; well-developed eye-flange ; beak for rupturing 

 cocoon. 



Imago. — Head hairy (not rough) ; ocelli present ; tongue rudimentary ; antennas 

 simple in both sexes, scaled all round shaft. Labial palpi ascending ; thorax, abdomen 

 and femora not hairy ; posterior tibiae with middle spurs absent ; fore-wings somewhat 

 triangular in shape. Neuration generalised (but differing from that of C. avellana). 



HETEROGENEA CEUCIATA, Knoch. 



Synonymy. — Species: Cruciata, Knoch, "Beitr. Ins.," iii., p. 60, pi. 3, figs. 

 1-10 (1783) ; Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Het.," i., p. 559 (1892) ; " Handbook," etc., p. 226 

 (1897). Asella (us), Schiff., " Sys. Verz.," p. 65 (1776, Cat. name) ; Fab., " Mant., 

 Ins.," ii., p. 121 (1787) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," iii., p. 450 (1790) ; Godt. et Dup., iv., 

 " Lep. France," p. 282 (1822) ; Bdv., " Ind. Meth.," p. 57 (1829) ; Stphs., " Illus.," 

 ii., p. 85 (1829); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 28 (1839); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 84 

 (1844); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 16 (1845); Boh., "Ent. Ant.," p. 128 

 (1851); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 168 (1857); Speyer, "Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., 

 p. 304(1858); Nolck., "Lep. Fauna Estl.," p. 118 (1868); Staud. and Wocke, 

 "Cat.," p. 62 (1871); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 21 (? 1869) ; Frey, "Lep. der 

 Schweiz," p. 90 (1880) ; Hering, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xlii., p. 153 (1881); Auriv., 

 "Nord. Fjarilar," p. 58 (1888) ; Buckler, "LarvBe," etc., iii., p. 73 (1889) ; Meyrick, 

 " Handbook," etc., p. 451 (1895) ; Tutt, " British Moths," p. 348 (1896). Asellana, 

 Hub., "Eur. Schmett.," vii., figs. 166-167 (? 1803) ; "Verz.," p. 398 (? 1822) ; 

 Ochs. et Treits., " Schmett. Eur.," viii., p. 18 (1830). 



Original, description. — Phalaena Heterogenea cruciata, elinguis, 

 alis deflexis nigro-fuscis, fimbria praeter apicem dilutioribus. Larva 

 ovata, hexapoda. Caput absconditum flavum. Corpus viridescens, 

 cruce sanguineo, macularum flavescentium ordinibus directis in inter- 

 stitius 5 in segmentis 6 in dorso perforatum. Pupa incompleta, 

 fusca, in folliculo quiescens, continet singulas insecti partes tenui 

 membrana inclusas. Phalaena unicolor nigro-fusca, femina interdum 

 fusca. Oculi nigri. Antennae filiformes. Alae tortriciformes. Tibiaa 

 flavescentes (Knoch, Beitrdge his., etc., iii., p. 60). Knoch's PI. 8, 

 figs. 1-10, undoubtedly represent the transformations of the insect 

 usually called Heterogenea asella. 



Imago. — Anterior wings triangular in shape ; shining unicolorous 



