420 



BRITISH LEPIDOPTEEA. 



in which the red scales are spread boyond their usual limits, so as to 

 occupy most of the fore-wings, except the hind margin and a narrow 

 stripe next to the inner margin. The influence of A. lonicerae is 

 shown by the greater opaqueness of the fore-wings, the acuteness of 

 the hind-wings and by the shape of the antennae. 



Fletcher has made attempts to cross A. viciae (meliloti) with A. filipen- 

 dulae, A. lonicerae, A. trifolii, and with hybrids between the last two 

 species. As a result he obtained two pairings between A. viciae 

 and A. filipendulae, and one pairing between A. viciae and A. hybr. 

 lonicerae x trifolii. He failed entirely to obtain a pairing between 

 A. viciae and A. trifolii. The eggs resulting from the above pairings 

 all failed to hatch, and pairings between A. filipendulae and A. trifolii 

 have also, so far, always resulted in infertile eggs. The fertile crosses 

 that Fletcher has obtained up to date are : filipendulae x lonicerae, 

 lonicerae X filipendulae, trifolii X lonicerae, lonicerae x trifolii, 

 filipendulae X ochsenheimeri, ochsenheimeri x filipendxdae, the first- 

 mentioned in each crossing being that of the male parent. Standfuss 

 records the rearing of hybrid filipendxdae x trifolii, a crossing with 

 which Fletcher failed (ante, p. 418). He further states that the progeny 

 were intermediate. 



White figured and described (Ann. Ent. Soc. France, (5) viii., pp. 

 467-476, pi. xi-xii) the genital armatures of various Anthrocerid 

 species. For the following account of the genital male organs of 

 Anthrocera we are indebted to Bateson, who writes : The accessory male 

 organs in Anthrocera present a considerable amount of complexity, and 

 their anatomical relations are not very easily made out. The peculiari- 

 ties, however, which distinguish these parts in the different species may 

 for the most part be recognised without any difficulty. For systematic 

 purposes, the following parts are the most useful : — 



1. The uncus, consisting of two processes articulating with the tegumen, or 



last dorsal segment. In some species these processes are short, wide 

 flaps, in others they are more or less slender horns. 



2. The rasps, formed by the development of patches of peculiar teeth upon the 



dorsal and ventral extensions of the sheath of the penis. These rasps 

 are very characteristic of the genus. The dorsal rasp is in most species 

 made up of large and small teeth. The large teeth are set in two rows, 

 converging towards the apex, bounding a central area covered with very 

 minute teeth. In some species the two rows of large teeth meet each other 

 also towards the base of the rasp, across the central area of which a part 

 is thus enclosed as a lozenge-shaped space. Outside the large teeth are 

 smaller teeth, arranged in various ways. Sometimes the large teeth are 

 sharply differentiated from the rest, but in other species there is no clear 

 distinction between large and small, the one shading into the other. 

 The ventral rasp is usually much smaller. It consists of a simple patch 

 of differentiated teeth. 



3. The spines on the wall of the penis itself. When the penis is retracted, these 



spines are seen through its walls lying inside it. Morphologically, they 

 are, of course, on the external surface of the penis. 



There is a considerable range of individual variation in the first 

 and second characters, but the various species of Anthrocera may, 

 nevertheless, be immediately distinguished from each other by refer- 

 ence to them. In respect of the third character, the individual varia- 

 tion is comparatively greater, and, on this account, some species cannot 

 be distinguished by this character alone, though, in other species, the 

 structures are peculiar and quite distinctive. 



The arrangements in the British species are as follows ; 



