474 British lemdopteka. 



marginal tubercles show as a smaller wart on each segment, at 

 the base of the proleg. A few of the dorsal hairs are black, the 

 others white, but all are roughened or thorny. The larva hybernates in 

 its fourth instar, and has ceased feeding by the end of September. The 

 following description was made September 30th, 1897, from a larva 

 already dormant. Laterally : Of a transparent whitish colour with 

 a faint creamy tint. A series of supraspiracular warts, consisting 

 of a raised white, glassy-looking base, bearing twelve or more dark- 

 brown points, each giving rise to a branched hair, which sparkles like 

 spun glass. Before and behind each of these warts is a transverse 

 brown patch ; these patches define the longitudinal bands, and give 

 the larva its colour. The prothoracic spiracle is prominent, consisting 

 of a black elevated tube, resembling a projecting piece of pipe set in a 

 shallow basin with a prominent rim. The abdominal spiracles are 

 similar, but larger, less distinctly projecting, that on the 8th being 

 very large and prominent. Each of the subspiracular warts con- 

 sists of a raised glassy-looking cushion, bearing fifteen dark raised 

 points, from each of which arises a hair, similar to those of the supra- 

 spiracular series. The subspiracular wart is placed in the position 

 of a prespiracular on the prothorax. The subspiracular series is 

 more or less united into a prominent lateral flange ; the marginal 

 series is less prominent, and placed along the edge that sepa- 

 rates the lateral from the ventral area, i.e., along the base of 

 the prolegs ; they are also smaller, and bear only about eight 

 points and hairs. Ventrally : The true legs are shiny, whitish- 

 yellow, almost transparent, with a single, pale brown, curved, ter- 

 minal hook. The prolegs are of the same pale colour, with an inner 

 flange bearing a series of short, stiff, black, curved hooks, spread out 

 like an open fan. Dorsally : There is a broad mediodorsal line of 

 the pale whitish, glassy-looking, ground colour. On either side 

 of this, each segment bears a long, transverse, complex, tuberculate 

 mass readily separable into two portions — (1) The anterior, bearing 

 five brown points, each with a radiating and finely branched hair. 

 (2) The posterior with seven similar, hair-bearing points, arranged in 

 a circle with one placed centrally. Each of these warts is edged 

 anteriorly and posteriorly with a sepia-brown patch, the anterior 

 patch being broader than the posterior and edged on its front outer 

 margin with black. The tips of many of the dorsal hairs are black, 

 and the dorsal hairs, as a whole, are darker tban the lateral. The 

 segmental incisions are clearly indicated, and separate the quad- 

 rangular markings on successive segments. The incisions are dorsally, 

 if anything, paler than the rest of the ground colour. Between 

 the dorsal and the supraspiracular series of warts, the segmental 

 incisions are of a bright yellow colour, forming, on either side, a 

 series of eleven conspicuous yellow patches, the first being between 

 the pro- and mesothorax. The pro- and mesothoracic dorsal warts 

 are not separated from each other by the mediodorsal line, as 

 are those on the abdominal segments, but are united centrally 

 into one mass. The tenth abdominal segment has the dorsal warts 

 well developed, but they are united centrally. There is a suspicion 

 of an eleventh abdominal segment in the anal flap, which bears its 

 own modified tubercles, and is clearly separated from the tenth ab- 

 dominal. Head ; The head is entirely retractile within the prothorax, 



