476 BRITISH LEPIDOPTEKA, 



length, from *75 of an inch to considerably over an inch. The cocoons 

 are shiny, very smooth at the bottom, ribbed somewhat centrally and 

 at the top. They are thin, the pupa showing faintly through, and 

 the silk varies in colour from a deep yellow to a pure white, nor is the 

 colour at all uniform in the same cocoon, some parts oftentimes being 

 much paler than others. Parasitised larvae usually spin the palest 

 cocoons. The inside of the cocoon has a thin layer of flossy white silk. 

 The cocoon dehisces for the emergence of the pupa at its upper end, 

 the opening being usually of a roughly circular form. The empty 

 pupa-case is left projecting from the cocoon. Boisduval says : " La 

 coque est allongee, en forme de bateau, et d'un jaune paille. On la 

 trouve souvent attachee aux tiges des graminees." 



Pupa. — The pupa is of a shiny black colour, with prominent head- 

 piece, the maxillae extending to the 6th, the third pair of legs to the end of 

 the 5th, abdominal segment, and free, a distinct waist at the 4th abdo- 

 minal segment, the cremaster turned back dorsally, the $ pupa with 

 abdominal segments (? 1-2) 3-7 free, the female with (? 1-2) 3-6 free. 

 The 3rd pair of legs, which run beside and outside the maxillae, 

 are only just shorter than the latter, and about 2-4 mm. beyond the 

 wings ; the- wings and appendages being quite free ; their relations 

 to the segments vary with the position of the pupa, but there 

 is a depression for their accommodation almost to the hind margin 

 of the 6th abdominal segment. Dorsally : the head-piece projects beyond 

 the pro thorax, which is narrow ; the meso thorax well-developed, with 

 two dorsal ridges, rounded at its posterior edge, and with a distinct 

 shoulder at the base of the wings ; the grooving of the dorsum of the 

 mesothorax is very deep, and the sculpturing of the metathorax very 

 strong. The metathorax is narrow centrally, wider laterally ; the hind- 

 wings project much beyond the inner margin of the fore-wings. 

 The 1st and 2nd abdominal segments depressed somewhat cen- 

 trally, the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments also with a median, trans- 

 verse depression, and with a ring of black hooks running round 

 the anterior edge of these segments, those on the 4th, the point 

 of rest for the emerging pupa, being most strongly developed ; 

 from the 5th-7th they are little more than highly developed, short, 

 longitudinal ridges, on the 8th and 9th abdominal segments, they 

 are small black points, similar to those on the cremaster, but less 

 dense, and fewer in number. The cremaster turns back dorsally, has 

 its spines developed quite to the dorsal margin of the 10th segment, 

 which undoubtedly has much to do with the retention of the pupa in 

 position at the time of the emergence of the imago. Laterally : the 

 dorsal head-piece is conspicuous ; the prothoracic spiracle placed 

 deeply in the incision between the pro- and mesothorax, the neuration 

 of the fore-wings conspicuous, the hind-wing prominent beyond the 

 inner margin of the fore-wing ; a row of supraspiracular depressions ; 

 spiracles on abdominal segments 1 and 2 hidden, on 3-7 black and 

 inconspicuous, although surrounded by fine circular ridges, which form 

 a basin, as it were, around each. The anal segment is much flattened 

 posteriorly. Ventrally: The oral area depressed; the maxillae forming a 

 double ridge, the first two pairs of legs between the maxillae and 

 antennae ; the tarsi of the second pair of legs hidden beneath the first 

 pair and the antennae, the tibia only being visible ; there is also, as in 

 other Anthrocerid pupae, a piece between the maxilla and 1st leg, 



