ANTHKOCERA LONICEK^). 477 



probably belonging to the 1st femur ; the glazed eye, smooth and 

 shiny, a broad lunule in shape ; the maxillae extend to the 6th abdominal 

 segment, the third pair of legs to the end of the 5th, the tips being 

 quite free from the abdominal segments. The maxillary palp (or its 

 evanescent base) is a small lateral projection of the maxilla, and is placed 

 beneath the upper end of the first leg. The eye-collar is not the maxil- 

 lary palp, but the eye-flange, as seen in Cochlidion (Limacodes). There 

 are two series of ventral depressions, occupying the same position as the 

 larval prolegs. The genital organs on abdominal segment 9 ( $ ), or 8 

 ( 5 ), distinct, the anus and cremaster are composed of shiny black chitin, 

 and the terminal segments are turned back dorsally. The front and sides 

 of the first three abdominal segments, though free from the wings and 

 appendages, are pale in colour and delicate in texture. 



Dehiscence. — The pupa splits mediodorsally through the pro- 

 thorax and mesothorax ; the cephalothoracic portion being very 

 distinct and attached to the prothorax ; the head parts (carrying the 

 glazed eye) go with the maxillaa, whilst the first and second pairs of legs 

 go with the wings, being attached thereto by the fine inner pupal mem- 

 brane. The movable incisions in the abdomen open out, those 

 between abdominal segments 2-3 and 3-4 to their fullest extent, 

 and show the incisions to be composed of a delicate whitish trans- 

 parent membrane, whilst the ventral membrane of the abdominal 

 segments themselves, although brownish-black, is also almost trans- 

 parent. There appears to be considerable difference in the colour of 

 the empty pupal skin, that of some being browner and paler, of others 

 much blacker. It may be that the former are usually female pupae. 



Food-plants. — Lathy rus pratensis (Doubleday, Buckler), Lotas 

 comiculatus (Buckler), Trifolium montanum, T. rubens, Lotus 

 (Kaltenbach), Hippocrepis comosa (Boisduval), T. repens (St. John), 

 Vicia (Frey). 



Parasites. — Anomalon tenuitarsum, Gravenh. (Weston) and Phoro- 

 cera cilipeda (Bignell) have been bred from this species. 



Habits and habitat. — This species is not very particular as to its 

 habitat, nor does it so completely eschew a marshy district as some 

 authors would have us believe. It abounds in a wood in north Kent, 

 in a rough, grassy ash plantation, spreading thence into the adjacent 

 rides and meadows. At Repton Shrubs it is recorded in mowing grass 

 (Brown), and at Highnam, nr. Gloucester, it flies in wood ridings 

 (Lifton). At Mansfield, it frequents rough, uncultivated ground with 

 a great variety of wild plants (Daws), whilst at Portsdown Hill the 

 locality is dry, although on the salterns near it is found on marshy 

 ground (Forsyth). It is noted as occurring on the canal bank at 

 Cheswardine (Dal try), and at Filey it occurs on rough, grassy cliffs 

 (Maddison). The York locality is in rough, damp fields on the 

 border of Strensall Common, the fields covered with coarse grass, 

 thistles, etc. The insect is also found on the Common itself, and in a 

 lane near it (Hewett). At Flamborough, it occurs within twenty 

 yards of the sea (Boult) ; near Cheltenham, one locality is situated 

 on a dry railway bank, another among coarse grass, and rough bushy 

 ground on the Cotswolds (Robertson). At the Mullinures, in Armagh, 

 the species abounds in a marsh (Johnson), and Bostock notes it on 

 damp ground, on Cannock Chase, the pupee attached to rushes ; Speyer 

 gives it as haunting a dry, sunny hillside at the foot of the Rigi, 



