ANTHROCERA TRIPOLI!. 497 



Habitat. — The early form of this species usually prefers a moderately 

 dry habitat, and occurs generally in meadows, pastures, chalk downs, 

 hillsides, and similar places. Near Wye, and at Emsworth, it is 

 found on the chalk downs, at Abbott's Wood in damp meadows on the 

 clay. Near Strood it occurs in quite dry mowing meadows, whilst in 

 the New Forest it is found in the rides of some of the woods, and 

 Bayne has taken it both on the heaths and bogs there. It also occurs 

 on a heath nr. Bideford. Lifton says that it haunts grassy slopes on 

 the Cotswolds ; about Harrow it occurs on the hillsides, whilst at Pole- 

 gate it is found in a dry field among the woods, and in Lundy Island, on 

 waste land, somewhat high. In Guernsey, it is found on the cliffs (Lowe), 

 and in Pomerania in open woods (Hering). Peyerimhoff says that it 

 inhabits damp fields in the plains and mountains in Alsace. Boisduval 

 notes that he has seen this species (/ palustris) in the damp fields of the 

 French Alps so abundantly that the branches of Hippophaes have been 

 covered, so to speak, with their cocoons. Oberthiir says that both A. 

 trifolii and A. filipendulae occur in Brittany, in a granite and schistose 

 district with little tendency to be calcareous, whilst Dupont notes it 

 as being found in meadows with A. statices, nr. Havre, and on the 

 chalk-hills (in less dry places than those affected by A. camiolica, etc.) 

 nr. Pont-de-1'Arche and Dieppe. 



Time of appearance. — No species is more subject to variation in its 

 time of appearance than this, yet, for the same place, the dates are 

 generally fairly constant. It appears in late May and June with 

 A. statices at Basingstoke, nr. Strood, Broxbourne, Taunton, Hursley, 

 Emsworth, Abbott's Wood, Winchester, Rickmansworth, etc. ; middle 

 June in Guernsey ; late June and early July in the New Forest, and mid- 

 July {? jialustris) at Sandown in the Isle of Wight. In mid- July the 

 palustris form is well out on the eastern coast, and emerges until August 

 at Swanage, Freshwater and King's Lynn. Fletcher has, in confinement, 

 bred a few autumnal imagines from eggs laid the preceding spring (vide, 

 p. 418). Lowe, on October 9th, 1894, found a freshly emerged speci- 

 men resting by its pupa-case, in Guernsey. This may have been a second- 

 brooded example, or an individual that had begun to restivate for a 

 second year, and was afterwards induced to feed up. This is a similar 

 occurrence to Girard's experience (ante, p. 418). The following are 

 recorded dates : June 26th, 1856, at Grimstone (Balding), June 10th, 

 1859, at Shorncliffe (Rogers), June 18th, 1860, at Barnstaple 

 (Mathew), June 16th, 1864, worn, at Barnwell Wold (Briggs), June 

 13th, 1870, June 11th, 1871, at Battle (Jenner), June 13th, 1872, 

 June 24th, 1874, fine, July 12th, 1875, fine, in Guernsey, June 25th, 

 1874, worn, in Sark (Luff), June 9th, 1874, worn, nr. Winchester, 

 (Richardson), June 15th, 1882, June 9th-llth, 1883, June 13th, 

 1890, June 25th, 1891 almost over, May 29th-June 8th, 1892, May 

 18th, some worn, June 9th, 1893, May 24th-June 18th, 1894, May 

 27th-June 12th, 1895, May 21st-June 6th, 1896, May 29th-June 

 12th, 1897, June 5th- June 19th, 1898, nr. Emsworth (Christy), 

 May, 1883, at Cambridge (Watson), June 14th, 1883, at Ruislip 

 (Watts), June 16th, 1883, at Chattenden (Tutt), June 12th, 1884, 

 June 15th, 1885, June 18th, 1886, June 18th, 1895, June 1st, 

 1896, June 15th, 1898, October 9th, 1894, in Guernsey (Lowe), 

 May 23rd, 1889, at Bramshill, June 1st, 1890, at Butterwood, 

 Odiham (Holland), June lst-13th, 1889, at Mill Hill, May 27th- 



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