ANTHROCEEA FILIPENDUL^. 511 



to judge whether the true " orange " form (= ab. aurantia) is meant, or 

 the fiery orange-red form (= ab. intermedia). Richardson says (E.M.M., 

 xxv., p. 290), that he has found the intermediate, almost orange forms, 

 very uncommon. Oberthur notes that he has four examples of a 

 rosy-orange colour, all from England. Jagger records the capture of 

 an orange form in July, 1869, at St. Ives. Fish notes that the 

 orange-red or brick-red form varies in tint at Birkenhead, some 

 approaching the normal form, others being decidedly different from it. 

 Adkin exhibited, at the meeting of the South London Ent. Society, on 

 November 25th, 1892, examples showing colour gradations between 

 red and yellow. Hodges notes that he found in South Devon, in 

 August, 1898, five of the intermediate yellow form, similar to those 

 sent out by Harwood. One can hardly imagine the real appearance of 

 the insects, so badly defined (Ent., vi., p. 363) by Forbes as being 

 partly red and partly yellow. It may be well to notice here that 

 Richardson obtained, at Cambridge, a red specimen with a tendency to 

 yellow. The scales on this specimen were seen (under the microscope) 

 to be of a pale brick-dust colour, fewer than usual, especially on the hind- 

 wings, which, when viewed with the naked eye, appeared to be of a 

 paler and browner tint than those of typical specimens. The latter, 

 from the Cambridge chalk-pit, usually have here and there light brick- 

 dust coloured scales among the bright red ones, but he states that he 

 has not seen any yellow scales on red specimens, nor brick-dust coloured 

 scales on yellow ones. Tugwell had a beautiful specimen, in which the 

 yellow shades off through orange to the usual tint. Hodgkinson 

 notes examples that are more orange than yellow. The rarest colour 

 aberration probably is the one in which the red is changed to brown = 

 ab. chri/santhemi, Bork. ; forms approaching this are recorded from 

 Swansea (Holland) and Paris (Oberthur). Pathological leucochroism 

 also occurs, a failure of pigment sometimes resulting in aberrations 

 similar to ab. grisescens, Oberth. The red of the hind-wings is fre- 

 quently broken into by irregular patches of orange, some examples 

 suggesting strongly a want of vitality in the larval stage, others being 

 fairly normal in appearance, except for this peculiarity. The variation 

 in the width of the marginal border of the hind-wings has occasionally 

 attracted attention. Battley records, from Bere Regis, an example 

 in which the border was extended so as to occupy almost the 

 whole of the wing, whilst Cooper notes that, in North Devon, he ob- 

 tained examples that exhibited a considerable range of variation in 

 this direction. 



a. ab. cytisi, Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," p. 81, fig. 26 (? 1797) ; Staud., " Cat.," 

 p. 47 (1871) ; " Hor. Ent. Soc. Boss.," viii., p. 103 (1870, pubd. 1871) ; Frey, " Lep. 

 der Schweiz," p. 68 (1880) ; Selys, " C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg.," p. cxiii (1882) ; Lampa, 

 " Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 30 (1885) ; Hoffmn., " Die Gross-Schmett.," p. 35 (1887) ; Auriv., 

 " Nord. Fjar,," p. 53(1888); South, "Entom.," xxiv., p. 233 (1891); Caradja, 

 " Iris," viii., p. 73 (1895) ; Reutti, " Lep. Bad.," 2nd Ed., p. 45 (1898). ? Loti, 

 Bork., " Sys. Besch.," ii., p. 28 (1789) ; Esp. ( " Die Schmett," p. 224, pi. xxxv., 

 fig. 1 (? 1789); Kirby, "Cat. Lep. Het.," p. 70 (1892).— No. 17. Geisskleeschwarmer, 

 Sphinx cytisi. Sph. 26, mas. Glossy green-black ; the fore-wings with six carmine- 

 red spots united in pairs, the hind-wings, except on the outer margin, red. 

 Habitat : Bavaria, Swabia, and probably the whole of Germany. Syn : Sphinx loti, 

 Esp. (Hiibner). 



We strongly suspect that loti, Borkhausen and Esper, is the same 

 insect as cytisi, Hiibner, but no certainty on the point can be estab- 

 lished. It is the jUipendulae var. b of Dalman and Wallengren (in 



