ANTHROCERA FILIPENDULAE. 515 



with about 20 of the ordinary form (Baxter, Entom. Record, i., p. 240). 

 (4) The fore-wings of the usual bluish-green colour, but the six spots 

 are all black instead of crimson, the hind-wings also black instead of 

 crimson, with the usual bluish-black border. Captured on July 15th, 

 1890, nr. Ehinefield, in the New Forest, whilst crawling up a stem of 

 grass (Goss, Ent. Mo. Mag., xxvi., p. 247). (5) The fore-wings 

 smoky-black, with green and rosy gloss showing ; the six spots black, 

 and apparently slightly raised ; the hind- wings dull black, captured 

 June 24th, 1892, in a field a few miles from Hastings, in which A. 

 filipendulae was swarming (Bird, Entom., xxv.,p. 194). (6 and 7) Two 

 specimens exhibited at meeting of Ent. Soc. of London, October 5th, 

 1892, one captured at Lancing, Sussex, by ? B. G. Bye, the other 

 in August, at Riddlesdown, by Mr. M. Holmes. (8) A specimen 

 approaching this form was taken in 1892, at Swansea, by Holland. 



i. var. mannii, Herrich-Schaffer, " Sys. Bearb.," vol. vi., p. 44, supp. figs., 

 109-110(1851-2); Staud., "Cat.," p. 47 (1871); Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," 

 vii., p. 197 (1875); Frey, " Lep. der Schweiz," p. 68 (1880); Hofmn., "Die 

 Gross-Schmett.," etc., p. 35 (1887); South, "Entom.," xxiv., p. 233 (1891); 

 Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Het.," p. 70 (1892) ; nee Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," p. 30 (1885) ; 

 nee Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," p. 53 (1888). — Z. mannii, Nick. (supp. figs. 109-110), 

 from Gross Glockner. Differs from its three nearest allies, A. filipendulae, 

 A. transalpina, and A. medicaginis , by its much shorter, less pointed antennae and 

 somewhat blunter fore-wings; its scaling somewhat more transparent, colour 

 duller, the red being especially more crimson than carmine, spots 3 and 4 stand 

 very obliquely under one another, much more so than in A. filipendulae and A. 

 transalpina, and nearer than in A. medicaginis, 6 is large, and stands as near to 

 5 as in A. filipendulae. On the underside a slight red shade is present, uniting the 

 spots. It differs from A. hippocrepidis and A. angelicae in the much duller red, and 

 the less dense character of the red shade on the underside of the fore-wings 

 (Herrich-Schaffer). 



In the " Synonymic Index " (published at the end of the work, vol. 

 ii., p. 35), Herrich-Schaffer refers to mannii as a possible form of A. 

 filipendulae. Frey says that A. filipendulae gradually changes to var. 

 mannii in the mountains, transition forms occurring in the valleys of 

 the Upper Engadine, from S. Moritz to the Maloja Pass, whilst in 

 the higher alps it is the usual form, e.g., it is so in the Stelvio, in the 

 mts. near Zermatt (Frey), Gadmenthal (Ratzer) ; in Italian Alps 

 above 2,000 metres (Curo). Staudinger diagnoses it as: "var. 

 alpina, tenui squamata." 



k. var. arctica, Schneider, " Trom. Mus. Aarsh.," iii., pp. 85-86 (1880) ; 

 Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Het.," p. 70 (1892). Mannii, Lampa, " Ent. Tids.," p. 30 (1885) ; 

 Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," p. 53 (1888).— In 1878, Gylche sent me examples of A. 

 filipendulae from Groto (68° N. lat.), others again, in 1879. This form, from 

 the most northerly limit of the species yet known, deserves a special name, 

 as it differs in a general way from southern examples. This race is more 

 thinly-scaled, which makes quite fresh examples appear dull and worn against 

 a light background, especially the red colour, which appears also somewhat paler 

 than in southern specimens, the scales also appear to be more loosely attached. 

 On the average it is smaller, more slenderly built, the fore-wings more blue 

 than in A. filipendulae, and the red spots smaller (although in one example 

 the spots are united, and the blue ground colour is practically confined to the 

 margin). 'On the other hand, there appears to be no difference in the shape of the 

 wings, antennas, nor in the dark margin of the hind-wings, except that the latter is 

 perhaps rather narrower than in the type form. The description of the Alpine var. 

 mannii, H.-Sch., in Heinernann, does not agree with the Arctic form, although I, 

 at first, thought it would. It would be interesting to have these side by side for 

 comparison (Schneider). 



A. var. ochsenheimeri, Zell., " Isis," 1847, pp. 303-307 ; Staud., "Cat.," p. 47 

 (1871) ; Frey, " Lep. der Schweiz," p. 68 (1880) ; " Mitt. Sch. Ent. Ges.," vii., p. 17 

 (1887) ; Hofmn., " Die Gross-Schmett.," p. 35 (1887) ; " Kirby," Cat. Lep. Het.," p. 



