ANTSROCEItA PILlPENDULiE. 519 



in wing form, the lighter colour is insufficient to separate the two 

 forms as species." 



v. var. gurda, Led., " Wien. Eat. Monats.," v., pp. 152-153, pi. i., fig. 9 (May, 

 1861) ; Staud., " Cat.," p. 47 (1871). Mersina, H.-Sch., " Neu. Schmett.," fig. 163 

 (January, 1861, ? ante-dated). — Zygaena gurda is to be separated from A. Jilipen- 

 dulae by tbe strikingly long and narrow fore-wings, with prolonged apex and 

 oblique margin, the hind-wings likewise with very pointed apex; the antennas some- 

 what longer. Anterior wings steel-blue (the ? with a greenish gloss) ; the antennaa 

 reach three-fourths along the costa, produced into a narrow club, but less pointed 

 at the apex than in A. Jilipendulae ; the spots of fore-wings and hind-wings not 

 deep, but bright crimson-red, spot 2 rounded, 1 somewhat lengthened, 3 and 4 con- 

 fluent, sharply cut off above and below, broadest above, concave on both sides, and 

 placed obliquely. The hind-wings pale carmine, with a very narrow steel-blue 

 margin, somewhat transparent at base. The spots on underside of fore-wings 

 united by a red shade. Only 4 specimens from Mersin. 



Herrich-Schaffer's name is possibly subsequent to, although his 

 book is dated previously to, Lederer's description. He describes five 

 $ s and one ? received from Lederer. He notices it as being on 

 the average larger than rambtuii, with noticeably narrower and more 

 pointed wings, hardly broadened posteriorly, the red more transparent, 

 approaching rose colour, the spots placed as in ramburii, but larger, 

 always united in pairs, 3 extended towards the costa, and towards the 

 base, whilst in ramburii it is always smaller than 4. Prout notes that 

 Herrich-Schaffer's figures of ramburii have (fig. 161) 1+2 united, 

 3 + 4 separate but adjacent, with 3 slightly smaller, 5 + 6 separate 

 but adjacent, with 5 larger ; (fig. 162) 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 forming a shape- 

 less blotch, 1+2 connected therewith by a tolerably wide longitudinal 

 line, 1 continued wedge-like along costa, and not reaching quite to 3. 

 His figure of mersina (gurda) (fig. 163) has longer and narrower wings, 

 more slender body, spots in pairs as described, 1 running as a wedge 

 to meet 3, which is elongate. There is not the remotest doubt from 

 the figures th&b gurda, Led., and mersina, H.-Sch., are strict synonyms. 

 Staudinger writes (Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., xiv., p. 321): "Lederer's 

 gurda was described by him from four specimens from Mersin. At 

 the same time he erected, from a large number of examples taken at 

 the not far distant Antioch, a species which he named ramburii. Of 

 this latter, 20 specimens, differing in an extraordinary manner from 

 each other, stood in his collection ; almost all are somewhat smaller 

 than German A. filipendidae, with pale red hind- wings, and only in 

 two large examples are they full carmine-red. These specimens scarcely 

 differ from ab. cytisi. Lederer had also placed among his ramburii 

 four specimens from Bosz-dagh (near Magnesia), which I can dis- 

 tinguish no better from A. filipendidae and its ab. cytisi, and in any 

 case should not consider it to be var. ramburii. It is clear that Lederer 

 was later of opinion that all were referable to filipendulae as varieties, 

 vide, Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., ix., p. 59, where he states that filipendidae 

 was found in the Bosz-dagh in all transitions to ramburii. His gurda 

 from Mersin are, however, quite indistinguishable from ramburii, with 

 pale reddish hind-wings. Lederer separates gurda from A. jilipendulae 

 principally by the ' peculiar shape of the wing ' and by the ' different 

 antennal form,' quite untenable and even unsafe differences, e.g., 

 the wing-shape varies so much in A. achilleae males, caught at Amasia, 

 that one would rather separate the latter from the type form. I am 

 compelled, therefore, to consider gurda as a synonym oiramburii. Haber- 

 hauer brought a typical, but small, ramburii, from the Taurus, among 

 his A. graslini" 



