522 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



two rows of marginal warfcs, the lower one running along the base of 

 the prolegs, the other between the subspiracular and the lower row, 

 each wart (both in the upper and lower rows) consisting of six outer 

 red-brown points, arranged circularly, and one central one, each point 

 bearing a white glassy-looking hair. Ventral view : The prothorax 

 has the dorsal warts united, these bear white glassy-looking hairs, not 

 yellow ones. The ventral area is yellowish, the prolegs of a paler 

 whitish-yellow tint, bearing an inner curved flange with eight short 

 black hooks on its edge. The true legs are of a similar colour, each 

 bearing an exceedingly minute blackish terminal hook. The adult 

 larva is of a pale yellowish colour, rather cylindrical in shape, 

 although increasing gradually in size to the 7th abdominal segment. 

 The terminal segments are much contracted ventrally, and hence slope 

 very rapidly to anus. Dorsally : The head is invisible, being quite 

 retractile within the prothorax, which forms a projecting hood with the 

 tubercular warts united. The anterior and posterior trapezoidals (i and 

 ii) are very readily distinguishable on the meso- and metathorax, and 

 on the abdominal segments ; the anterior, forming a circular raised 

 wart or cushion with seven or eight dark tubercular points, each 

 bearing a whitish hair, is placed between the dorsal ends of the two 

 black spots on either side of each segment, the posterior, forming 

 another similar but larger circular raised cushion, with 12 tubercular 

 points, is placed between the lateral ends of the same black spots. 

 These two cushions are united medially, forming, as it were, one long, 

 somewhat oblique, wart, separating the anterior and posterior portions 

 of the dorsal black markings on each segment ; those on the metathorax 

 are the least developed ; they are even well developed on the anal 

 (10th abdominal) segment. Laterally : The supraspiracular wart 

 forms a large prominent cushion, carrying several (15-20) hair-bearing 

 tubercular points, the hairs whitish, extending obliquely from the upper 

 and anterior end of the segment, to the posterior part. This also 

 separates two black markings, of which the anterior is the larger, and 

 runs below the tubercle, sometimes including the spiracle, or it may be 

 even joined at its lower extremity to the posterior mark. The sub- 

 spiracular wart forms a raised cushion, carrying many hair- bearing 

 tubercular points, with a black longitudinal mark below the wart, and 

 none above. The marginal warts are directly below this black mark, 

 somewhat smaller, quite round, and less prominent, but edged laterally 

 and below by a conspicuous horse- shoe mark on the metathorax and 

 1st and 2nd abdominal segments, with an oval mark on the 3rd, 

 4th and 5th abdominal segments, and united with the subspiracular 

 wart on the following segments. The spiracles in the specimens 

 examined (preserved in spirit by Mr. South) are deeply embedded just 

 below the supraspiracular tubercle, placed almost centrally in the seg- 

 ment, black in colour, with a black rim. This appearance is remark- 

 able, considering the prominent condition of the spiracles in the hyber- 

 nating stage of the larva. The prothoracic spiracle is more conspicuous, 

 and placed well back, almost in the incision between the pro- and 

 mesothorax. Ventrally : The head is withdrawn into the prothorax, 

 and is shiny, black, with scattered pale hairs ; some of the mouth- 

 parts white ; ocelli shiny, black. The true legs of the pale ground 

 colour, but with a red-brown chitinous plate on the outside of each 

 joint, and with a sharp, curved, minute terminal point ; the anterior edge 



