AnTHROCERA HiPPOCREPIDiS. 53? 



On segment 3 is a scrap of dark chitin, just in the line of these 

 wrinkles, which here fall on the delicate chitin beneath the wings. 

 No definite marks of prolegs exist. When they do, as they often do, 

 in Anthrocerids, they are probably slightly pathological, just as in Smer- 

 iuthus where .they often, but not usually, occur. Though there are 

 no hooks or pale zones ventrally, the strong black line of the anterior 

 margins of the segment is very marked, though wanting at the 

 "flange," and therefore not continuous round the segment. The 8th 

 abdominal spiracle does not afford a tracheal lining, as in Rhopalocera. 

 The pits which run up each side of the mesothorax from the forward 

 margin of the metathorax are well marked and quite pale at their 

 deepest hollow — elsewhere the chitin is fairly dark and strong (black 

 in the living pupa), and nowhere brown (green in living pupa), as in 

 many Anthrocerids. The glazed eye is well marked across the cheek, as 

 curved smoother area, with a very defined inner margin ; the clypeus comes 

 down very square to the maxillae, so that, unless a trifling irregularity 

 on its margin represent them, no other mouth parts are seen. Except 

 those noted in connection with the prothoracic spiracles, no trace of hair 

 or bristle is anywhere to be discovered. [Chapman. Described January 

 1st, 1899, from empty pupa-case from nr. Strood.] Stephens says 

 that " the pupa is dusky-brown, with the abdomen greenish, spotted 

 with black." 



Dehiscence.— The apices of the pupal wings rest upon the outer 

 surface of the cocoon, near the apex of the opening close to the stem 

 (to which the cocoon is attached) ; to enable them to do this the pupa 

 is drawn somewhat out of position, and the fore part of the pupa-skin 

 is thrust back at an angle of 45° degrees from the grass stem. The 

 separated antennae-covers being thrown forward at 45° from the pupa- 

 case, stand out horizontally in a conspicuous manner. They are 

 attached to the headpiece which carries the eye- covers and maxilla, 

 the whole being attached to the rest of the pupa-case by the apices 

 and inner colourless septa of the maxillae. Viewed dorsally, the dorsal 

 slit between the lateral halves of the dorsal headpiece, the prothorax 

 and the mesothorax, extends to the posterior margin of the meso- 

 thorax and stands widely open. 



Food-plant. — ? Wild liquorice (Astragalus glycypkyllos) (Stephens). 

 We doubt this very much, Genista tinctoria and Lotus comicidatus are 

 both abundant where the species occurred in North Kent. 



Habits and habitat. — The species is generally found in meadows 

 and rough, grassy fields. Barrett says that in some rough fields on the 

 top of Wenlock Edge, a range of hills in Salop, he found, in June, 

 1856, A. filijmidulae in immense numbers, but searched in vain for 

 A. lonicerae; returning to the same place a fortnight later, he found 

 the latter species in equal profusion, but scarcely a specimen of A. fili- 

 pendulae was to be seen. On grassy slopes, near the sea, at Cairn- 

 ryan, Stranraer and Corsemalzie (Gordon), in meadows and pastures 

 (Stephens), in a grass field near Ashford, and on railway banks at 

 Grange (Crabtree), in meadows at Mill Hill, flying with A. trifolii, 

 also in fields at Hailsham, but here never mixing with A. trifolii 

 (James), in boggy meadows at Sketty Park, with A. trifolii (Robert- 

 son), in pasture meadows at Newstead Park (Wright), in the rides of 

 the wood at Ashton Wold, at privet bloom (Prout), in fields, nr. 



