OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 157 



it has spread into Southeastern Norway.* The Astaci of Spain 

 are probably all A. pallipes, as well as those of England and 

 Ireland. 



67. ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS. 



Astacus leptodactylus, Esehscholtz, M^m. Soc. Imper. Nat. 

 Moscou, VI. 109, PI. XVIII. 1823. 



Astacus leptodactylus, Rathke, Mem. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. 

 Petersbourg, III. 359, PL IV. figs. 1, 2. 1837 (separate, 1836). 



Astacus leptodactylus, var. Caspia, Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Im- 

 per. Nat. Moscou, 1838, p. 148. — Fauna Caspio-Caucasia, p. 

 179, PI. XXXVI. fig. 1. 1841. 



Astacus leptodactylus, var. salinus, Nordmann, Obs. sur la Faune 

 Pontique, in DemidofF's Voy. dans la Russ. Merid. et la Crimee, 

 Atlas, Crust., PL I. (No date.f) 



Astacus leptodactylus, Erichson, op. cit., p. 90. 1846. 



Astacus fluviatilis, var. leptodactylus, Gerstfeldt, op. cit., 

 pp. 558, 584. 1859. 



Astacus leptodactylus, Heller, op. cit, p. 215, PL VII. fig. 6. 

 1863. 



Astacus leptodactylus, Kessler, op. cit., p. 249. 1874. 



Hab. Russia (rivers of the Ponto-Caspian basin on the north 

 from the Danube to the Ural Mountains and the Muchojar Hills 

 in "Western Siberia, rivers and lakes draining into the Baltic and 

 White Sea), Caspian Sea, Austria (basin of the Danube). Arti- 

 ficially introduced into affluents of the Tobol River, a tributary 

 of the Irtish, Siberia,! where it has rapidly multiplied. 

 a. Var. angulosa. 



Astacus angidosus, Rathke, op. cit., p. 364, PL IV. fig. 3. 1836. 



Astacus angulosus, Erichson, op. cit., p. 91. 1846 (after 

 Rathke). 



Astacus fluviatilis, var. angulosus, Gerstfeldt, op. cit., pp.563, 

 584. 1859. 



Astacus angulosus, Heller, op. cit., p. 216. 1863. 



Astacus leptodactylus, var. angulosus, Kessler, op. cit., p. 251. 

 1874. 



Hab. Crimea and adjacent region. 



* G. O. Sars, Hist. Nat. Crust. d'Eau Douce de Norvege, p. 11, 1867. 

 t The text is dated 1840. 



t Middendorf, Sibirische Keise, IV., Th. 2, p. 885, 1867. Kessler, op. cit, 

 p. 371. 



