34 MAMMALIA. 



the lips with whifkers ; the chin, as in Man, Apes, and Goats, with a beard ; and the 

 legs and breaft, as in the Horfe and Camel, are often provided with callofities. 



The fulcra, fupporters, or inflruments of motion, are intended for more expeditioufly 

 efcaping from enemies by flight, or for purfuing after prey. Terreftrial animals, of 

 this clafs, are furnifhed with four legs and feet ; of thefe the anterior pair, or fore 

 legs, have fometimes a hand divided into fingers, with a diftant oppofed thumb, as in the 

 Primates and Oppoffums : The hinder feet are more united, that they might ferve bet- 

 ter for fupporting the weight of the body ; thefe are either palmated or webbed, having 

 the toes joined together by an interpofed membrane, for the purpofes of fwimming ; or 

 Affile, having the toes feparated, for running quickly ; or happened by heels, as in Man 

 and the Bear, for (landing firmly : Befides thefe, that the toes, during flight, may not be 

 torn in rugged places, they are either fortified with a thick fur on tfte foles of the feet, 

 as in the common Hare, Arctic Fox, and Sloth ; or they are hoofed, having the toes fur- 

 rounded by horny nails in the manner of a fhoe, as in the orders of Pecora and iielluae j 

 in fome of which animals the heel is included in this manner inftead of the toes, which 

 are then wanting : The more fierce animals have their feet armed with claws placed on 

 the extremities of their toes, for feizing their prey, tearing their enemies, and dig- 

 ging the ground; in moft of thefe the claws are pointed and crooked; a fmall num- 

 ber of lefs ferocious animals have the claws flattened, and of an oval fhape, while the 

 rapacious order of Ferae, or beads of prey, have bent fharp pointed talons : The flying 

 animals of this clafs either mount into the air by the affiftance of palmated fore feet,' 

 having the toes much elongated, and connected by an interpofed membrane, as in Batsj 

 or they float in the air by means of a membrane ftretched out between the fore and 

 hinder legs, as in the flying Macauco and failing Squirrel : Aquatic animals are defti- 

 tute of claws and hoofs, having, inftead of feet, pectoral fins, which are formed by the 

 fhoulder blade, arm, fore arm., wrifl, hand, and fingers, all jumbled together, as in the 

 order Cete. 



.The offenfive arms of the animals of this clafs, befides the claws and hoofs already 

 taken notice of, and the teeth, which will be mentioned afterwards, are chiefly horns of 

 a cartilaginous or boney nature, which are placed on their heads : Thefe are either folid 

 and perfiftant, as in the Rhinoceros ; or folid and annually deciduous, being, while 

 growing, which they do from their outer ends, covered with a hairy fkin which falls 

 off when they are full grown, as in Deer ; or, as in the Ox, Goats, and Sheep, they are 

 hollow and perfiftant,. covering a central cavernous boney flint, and growing by addi- 

 tions at their bafes ; with thefe weapons animals attack, gore, and ftrike their adver- 



faries. 



