o 



6 MAMMALIA. 



tongue in moft animals is fimple; in fome fringed with jags at the edges, as in the 

 Dog ; befet with papillae on its upper furface, as in the Feline tribe ; or long and len- 

 der, as in the Manis and Ant-eater ; it is fometimes bifid, as in Seals : — The upper lip 

 in moft has a furrow in the middle running downward from the nofe ; in a few, as in 

 the order of Glires, it is bifid, or divided. 



An attentive investigation of the genital organs might offend, though from the va- 

 rious ftru&ures of the clytoris, nymphae, fcrotum, and penis, confiderable fervice 

 might be derived in forming a natural arrangement of animals. For the moft part 

 animals of this clafs ufe tranfient venery, when the males fight together for the enjoy- 

 ment of the females, and the ftronger prevail, as beft fitted for the procreation of a 

 more lively offspring : The impregnated females bring forth their young alive, and 

 fully formed, the foetus being excluded from the egg within their own bodies; when 

 dropped, they fuckle them with milk, from lactiferous glands or mammae, excreted 

 through teats or paps ; they defend . them while young, taking care of them till the 

 time of another litter, and fometimes even to a more advanced age : — Some animals 

 are polygamous, as Seals, the male preferving to himfelf, by force, a feraglio of females 

 which he has affociated with him : — A very fmall number, as fome Apes, the Macaueo, 

 the Bat, and Urchin, pair together ; a fingle male and female entering into a monoga- 

 inious fociety, and rearing their young ones by a joint concern. 



The mammae, or la&iferous dugs of the female animals of this clafs, are always in 

 pairs, and in a determinate number for each fpecies ; and, except the Horfe genus, 

 the males have always the rudiments of thefe organs, fimilar in number and arrange- 

 ment with thofe of the females of the fame fpecies : — Thefe are either pectoral, being 

 placed on the breaft, as in the orders Primates and Cete ; — or they are abdominal, that 

 is, fituated on the belly, as in OppofTums and Seals ; — or inguinal, which are placed in 

 the groin, as in the orders Pecora and Belluae ; — or both pectoral and abdominal at 

 the fame time, as in moft animals of the order Glires ; — fome animals, as the Hog and 

 others, have them arranged longitudinally ; — and, laftly, there are generally two teats 

 on the mother for each young one produced in ordinary births. 



The ufes of the animals of this clafs to man are various : — The order of Pecora are 

 bred for fupplying fleih, milk, cheefe, butter, leather, tallow, and for their fleeces ; — 

 the Horfe, Ox, Camel, and Elephant, are employed for draught and for carrying loads; — 

 feveral animals of the order of Ferae are ufed for hunting or deftroying other ani- 

 mals that are troublefome or noxious, fuch as Mice and Serpents : — The rarer ani- 

 mals 



