MAMMALIA. PRIMATES. Apes. . 5 $ 



like the claws of beafts in general; 4thly, from the prefence or abfence of a beard on the chin; and, 

 5thly, from the cheeks being provided with, or wanting, pouches in their under par*s *. For greater 

 convenience, the fpecies of this genus, which are very numerous, are arranged under five fubordi- 

 nate divillons, considered as diftinct genera by ibme authors, and not without reafon : Three of thefe 

 fubdivillons were adopted by Linnrcus ; but Dr Gmelin, following Buffon, has added other two, 

 taken from the third divifion of his great precurfor. 



* APES.— SIM I.E. 



Have no tails. The vifage is flat ; the teeth, hands, fingers, feet, toes, and nails, re- 

 femble thofe of man ; and they walk naturally erect. This divifion includes the 

 fimiae or apes, properly fo called, of the ancients, which are not found in Ame- 

 rica. 



I. Chimpanzee. — I. Simla troglodytes. 34 f. 



Has no tail. The head is conical ; the whole body is of a robufl brawny make; the 

 back and fhoulders are covered with hair, and the reft of the body is naked. Blu- 

 menbach, comp. hift. nat. 1. 65. et de gen. hum. var. nativ. 37. 



Satyrus indicus. Tulp. obf. med. 284. tab. xiiii. — Chimpanzee. Scotin, Nov. act. Er. Lipi. 

 m. Sept. 1739. tab. 5. p. 564. — Great ape. Penn. H. of Q\_n. 72. 



Inhabits Angola, and was firft brought to Europe in the year 1738, being exhibited as a fhow in 

 London in the month of Auguft that year. What is faid by Linnaeus of the homo troglodytes \ feems • 

 partly of fabulous origin, partly to refer to fome monftrous or morbid individual of the human race, 

 and partly to belong to the above fpecies of ape. To the firft fource we muft evidently afcribe what 

 is reported of his faculties of fpeech, of thought, and of reafon ; the lecond fuppofition is clear from- 

 the fynonimous name kakurlacko, which he has cited ; and to the third the remainder of the defcrip- . 

 tion, and what is extracted from Bontius, may be referred. What our author has faid of Lucifer, 

 or men with tails, may likewife be confidered as fabulous. 



2. 



* There is great difficulty in arranging the feveral divifions, fpecies, and varieties, of this genus ; 

 indeed, there are (Irong grounds for fufpeding, that, as in dogs, the feveral fpecies intermix with each 

 other, and produce an aimed endlefs variety, by which great confufion in the opinions and defcriptions 

 of naturalifts have been occafioned, and- which would require a much more minute attention to extri- 

 cate than can ever be given to fo ufelefs a race of animals. Many apparent varieties have likewife been 

 formed by the arts of fhow-men, to impofe on the ignorance and credulity of the curious, which has 

 added to the difficulties of the narural hiflorian. — T. 



+ The various numerals ufed in this edition to the fpecies and varieties are to be underftood thus : The 

 marginal number on the left hand fiiews the running number of the fpecies in each clafs of this edition ; 

 the number preceding the Enghfli name is the running'number of the fpecies in the genus; that preceding 

 the Latin name (hews the arrangement of the fpecies in Gmelin's edition ; and that which follows the 

 Latin name is the number prefixed by Gmelin from the laft Linnasan edition, or referring to that ar- 

 rangement. — T. 



% This paragraph, which is a note in the edition by Dr Gmelin, refers to the laft. Linnaean edition of 

 the. Sy (tenia Nature. — T. 



