u8 MAMMALIA. BRUTA. Wakes. 



Inhabits within and near the Arctic Polar Circle, chiefly at the mouths of rivers, in Spitzbergen, 

 Nova Zembla, Hudfon's Bay, the Gulph of St Laurence, the Icy Sea, all along the northern coafts 



•of the Ruffian empire, both in Europe and Alia, but does not extend to the iflands between Kamtf- 

 chatka and America. — This is a gregarious animal, being found in herds even of fome hundreds^: 

 They are very fhy, and avoid the haunts of mankind -, are very fierce, defending themfelves againft 

 their enemies with great obftinacy, and, if wounded in the water, will. attempt to fink the boats of 

 their aflailants, either by riling under them, or by ftriking their great tufks into. their fides : They 

 roar very loud,'like bulls, and fnore while afleep, .which they often do in iflands of ice, when it is 

 dangerous to approach, as they throw. themfelves with great impetuofity into the fea when difturbed. 

 The youger animals have two fmall fore-teeth in the upper jaw ; and both young and old have two 

 fharp tufks, very diftant from each other, which ftand much out of the mouth, pointing directly 



.downwards, and a little bent inwards.; thefe are a very fine grained ivory, and fometimes weigh 

 thirty pounds ; they are cempofed of delicately interwoven fibres, of a very fine white, and not rea- 

 dily becoming yellow, but the nucleus, or inner central part, verges towards a brownifh colour ; on 

 each fide of each jaw there are four fmall fharp grinders, having a fmooth pit, or hollow, worn out 

 of each, near the apex or furnmit : The lips are very thick, and are -garnifhed with long tranfparent 

 briftly whifkers, as thick as ftraws ; the noftrils are of a fcmilunar form ; the head is round ; the 

 mouth fmall ; and the eyes are fmall and fiery ; the neck is very thick ; there are two fmall orifices 

 to the organ of hearing, without any external ears ; all the feet have five toes, which are provided 

 with fhort claws ; the fore legs are loofely articulated with the body, and fhort ; and the hind legs 



-are much extended backwards on a line with the body, ftanding clofe together, and ferving more as 

 a tail fin, for fwimming, than as feet; the tail is very fhort : The penis of the male is long. The 

 Ruffians have long been in ufe to make traces for carriages of the fkin, which has of late been em- 

 ployed in France for the fame purpefe. This animal is very fat, and is much hunted for the fake 

 of the oil, as one Morfe will frequently produce half a ton. The fkeleton of this animal, thrown on 

 fhore by ftorms, or left in the mud on the banks of rivers, during inundations, by- the death of 

 the animal, is in all probability the Mammouth of the Ruffians. It is fometimes eighteen feet long, 

 and ten or twelve in circumference at the thickeft part. 



This animal was known to King Alfred of England, fo long ago as about the year 890, from the 

 information of Octher the Norwegian, who made a voyage beyond the North Cape of Norway to hunt 

 Horfe-whales, which have teeth of great value, fome of which he brought to that King *. 



167 2. Dugon. — 2. Trichechns Dugon. 3. 



The tufks, which extend out of the mouth from the upper jaw, are placed near each 

 other. 

 Dugon. Sm. Buffi vii. 370, Schreber, ii. 93 — Indian Walrus. Penn. hift. of quad, n 374. 



Inhabits the feas lying between the Cape of Good Hope and the Phillippine iflands — This animal, 

 -fo far as can be known, refembles the Morfe very much : The head is, however, more lengthened 

 and narrower ; the noftrils are larger, and placed higher ; like the former fpecies, there are no tufks 

 in the under jaw, but thofe in the upper jaw are placed near each other, are bent outwards, and 

 refcmble cutting teeth, only that they are near fix inches long ; there are four grinders on 



each 



* See Hakluyt's Voyage, i. 5-; and Forfler's Account of Voy. : 'lie North. — T. 



