ijo MAMMALIA. FERiE. Dog. 



This is the mod faithful of ail animals, and perhaps the only one which is really attached to man, 

 being hardly ever found wild, except in places where they have loft their mafters, and had no oppor- 

 tunity of finding others : It fawns at the approach of its mafter, and will not allow any one to ftrike 

 him ; runs before on a journey, and, on coming to a divifion of the road, ftops, and looks back, as if 

 afking which to choofe ; is very docile, and may be taught to feek for any thing that is loft ; is very 

 watchful by night, and gives notice of the approach of ftrangers, and guards faithfully any thing 

 committed to its charge; drives cattle home from the field, and is employed to keep flocks and herds 

 within due bounds, and to protect them from the attacks of wild beafts ; points out game to the 

 fportfman, by means of its acute fenfe of finelling, creeping with great caution to fpring upon the 

 game, and brings it when killed to its mafter, without deftroying any; is employed in France, and 

 fome other countries, to turn fpits ; in Siberia is made to draw fledges ; begs when his mafter is 

 at table ; and, when it has ftolen any thing, flinks away, fiouching its tail between the hind legs ; eats 

 envioufly with oblique eyes ; and is always defirous of domineering over its fellows ; Is the enemy of 

 all beggars, and often attacks ftrangers without any provocation ; will lick wounds, and often by fo 

 doing relieves ulcers and the gout ; howls at certain notes in mufic, and fometimes urines on hearing 

 them ; bites a ftone when flung at it ; grows fick at the approach of ftorms ; is often afflicted with 

 the Taenia.) or tape-worm, in its bowels ; fometimes becomes mad, which diforder it communicates to 

 its kind, to other animals, and to man, by biting ; makes a violent hollowing when empyreumatic oils 

 are rubbed on the tail ; is often infected with gonorrhoea. Dogs are banifiied from their houfes, as 

 unclean, by the Mahometans, who notwithftanding endow hofpitals for their maintenance ; is the vic- 

 tim of anatomifts, for demonftrating the circulation of the blood, the lacteal veflels, and for experi- 

 ments on transfufion, cutting of nerves, and other cruel purpofes ; but has been made an ufeful mar- 

 tyr by fome, for difcovering the effects of remedies againft poifon. 



The top of the head is flat, and has a projecting longitudinal ridge ; the edges of the lower lips, 

 at the fides, are divided into dentated, or tooth-like, projections, which are concealed by the upper 

 lips ; has five or fix rows of whifkers on the fnout; the upper margin of the external ear is reflected; 

 the pofterior one has two lobes, and the anterior three ; the noftrils are hi form of a femilunar fur- 

 row turned outwards at the lower end ; the face ufually has feven hairy warts; and the fur has eight 

 ridges or whorles, on the neck, the breaft, the fore legs, the belly, the eyes, the loins, the ears, and 

 near the arms : The female has ten paps, of which four are on the breaft : The feet have fmall mem- 

 branes connecting the roots of the toes with each other, or are called fub-palmated. 



This animal is iubject to more varieties than any other : Each of thefe will reproduce, and, mixing 

 with others, produce varieties almoft without end ; yet certain kinds are more numerous and more 

 permanent than others, perhaps from their ufefulnefs, having more attention paid to their breed. 

 It is perhaps jmpoffible to enumerate or defcribe all the varieties, but the following catalogue includes 

 the moft remarkable and bePc known. Various conjectures are formed concerning the original or 

 parent ftock ; fome deriving all clogs from the Sheep-dog, and fuppofing that, by the influence of 

 climate, and the crofTing of breeds with the Shakal, Wolf, Fox, and Hyaena, all the forms and fizes 

 have been produced. See Smellie's tranflation of Buffon, iv. p. i . and plates from xxiv. to xliv. in- 

 clufive. 



195 a. Shepherd's Dog. — C. domeflicus. 



Has erect ears, and the tail is woolly underneath. 



Canis o7*«k£«j, iive domefticus. Raj. quad. 177. n. 8. Sm. Buff. pi. xxvii. 



