BIRDS. 405 



That part of the front which borders the bafe of the bill is called the Frontlet, capif- 

 trum ; through this a naked line on each fide runs from the bill to the eyes, which is 

 called the Strap, lorum; the fpaces immediately furrounding the eyes are named the Or- 

 bits, orbitae, immediately over which the Eye-brows, fupercilia, are fituated; the fpaces 

 from behind the eyes, to the auditory paffages, on each fide, are called the Temples, 

 tcmpora ; and the fpaces below *he eyes, towards the throat, are named the Cheeks, 

 jgetide; 



The Bill, roftrum, is a hard horny fubflance, anfwering to the jaws of other animals, 

 and is divided into the upper and lower Mandibles. The Bill is either Straight, rec- 

 tum, Bent downwards, incurvatum ; Bent upwards, recurvatum ; Round, teres ; Flatten- 

 ed at the fides, comprejfum ; Flattened horizontally, deprejfum ; Conical, conicum ; Slen- 

 der, fubulatum; Cylindrical, cylindricum ; Angular, angulatum ; Sharp edged, cultratum ; 

 Vaulted, fornicatum ; or Hooked, uncinatum. The Mandibles are naked, and have no 

 teeth; fome are Notched, emarginatum, near the point; a few are Jagged, ferratum ; 

 Toothed, denticulatmn, that is, having proceffes refembling teeth; Pectinated, peclinatum, 

 or furrowed acrofs on their inner furfaces. In general, the noftrils are fituated in the 

 bill, fometimes in the middle of the upper mandible, or near the point, or near the 

 bafe, or at the bafe, or even behind the bafe, and are fometimes wanting externally ; 

 they are moftly naked, but are fometimes covered with reflected bridles, or are hid in 

 feathers; their figure is Round, rotundae ; Oval, ovatae ; Oblong, oblongae ; Linear, 

 lineares ; Vaulted, fornicatae; or Tubular, tubulofae. The bafe of the upper mandible 

 isj in fome birds, covered with a naked fkin, or membrane, called the Cere, cera ; and 

 the external margin of the mouth, at the angle of the two mandibles, is often fringed 

 with Bridles, vibrijfae. 



The tongue is either Flefhy, carnofa ; Cartilaginous, cart'daginofa ; Notched, emargi- 

 ■nata ; Torn, lacera ; Feathered, pennacea; Fringed, ciliata; Whole, iniegra; or Sharp- 

 pointed, acuta. 



The eyes are fituated on the fides of the head, having moveable eyelids, palpebrae, 

 and a membrana niclitcns, below them ; this is a kind of half tranfparent membrane, 

 with which the eyes can be covered to keep off a ftrong glare of light without fhutting 

 the eyelids : The chryftalline lens is extremely moveable, being contained by fmall, 

 black, conical, plaited fupports : Inftead of Eyebrows, fome birds have a naked colour- 

 ed line over each eye, and this, in a few fpecies, is Warty, carunculata. 



The 



