BIRDS. 4'3 



Falcons are bre<T up for hawking ; the Faithful Jacana even herds other domeftic 

 fowls ; Pelicans are taught to catch fifh for their mailers ; the Pafferine tribes are kept 

 on account of their mufical talents ; Parrots and others are taught to fpeak ; Cocks 

 and Quails are trained to fight with each other for the fport of mankind j the Gatti* 

 naceous, Collumbine, and Anferine tribes, are domeflicated. 



Birds are preferved alive, and kept in aviaries, cages, or other places, for various 

 purpofes ; fome for the value of their feathers and quills ; fome for their flefh ; others 

 for their eggs ; fome on account of their mufical talents ; and others merely for their 

 beauty^ 



A complete hiftory of birds ought to contain a full defcription of each, their abode, 

 their flight, their migration, their nuptials, their nefts, their eggs, their hatching, the 

 education of their young, and their food. 



The generic characters of birds fhould be taken from the Bill, Tongue, Noftrils, 

 Cere, Wattles, Warts, and other parts which have no feathers* 



Ornithological authors may be divided into the earlier and latter writers. Of the 

 former, Btllon, or Bellonius, who flourifhed in 1557, and Gefner in 1555, may be 

 confidered as the fathers of the fcience; Aldrovandus, in 1599, collected from their 

 works, and made coniiderable additions; in 1648, Marcgrave added the newly disco- 

 vered birds of Brafil ; Mr Ray, in conjunction with his difciple Willoughby, formed 

 his fyftem in 1667, and publifhed it in 1678 ; and Marfigli publifhed feveral figures of 

 birds in 1726. 



Among the moderns, feveral' authors have thrown great light on the fubjecl by means- 

 of coloured figures, refembling the life: Albinus publifhed tables of the European birds 

 in 1731 ; Bernini publifhed, in 1772, and from that to 1782, the birds found in the 

 fouth of Europe; Cetti, in 1776, thofe of Sardinia ; Frifchius, in 1734, thole of Ger- 

 many; Nozemann and Seppij thofe of the Low Countries, from 1770 to 1778 ; fome 

 Swedifh birds were edited by Tengmalm ; the Pruflian by Bockius ; the Britifh birds, 

 in 1775, by Hayes ; thefe and the birds of India, by Pennant, between 1768 and 1 777.5- 

 one hundred new and rare birds were publifhed by Catefby in 1731 ; upwards of three 

 hundred were publifhed, in a very beautiful manner, by Edwards, in 1745; above nine 

 hundred by Daubenton, from 1775 downwards; fome by Jacquin in 1784; by Merem, 

 from 1.784 to 1786; thofe of the Carlfonian mufeum, with defcriptions by Sparrmann 3 . 



in; 



