BIRDS. PIES. Crow. 635 



617 G. Brownifh Jackdaw. — 11. 8. C. Monedulafufcefcens. 

 Is brownifh, with white fhoulders. 



Befides thefe varieties, Dr Gmelin adds one having the bill formed like a pair of pincers, the two 

 mandibles not meeting in the middle, but as that circumftance feems accidental, it is not enumerated 

 in the foregoing lift. Jackdaws are eafily tamed, and may be taught to fpeak ; in their natural ftate 

 they are gregarious and loquacious, feeding on infects, grain, and feeds ; they breed in fteeples, old 

 caftles, and high rocks, fometimes in hollow trees near rookeries, and fometimes even in rabbit holes ; 

 the female lays five or fix eggs, which are paler, fmaller, and lefs fpotted than thofe of the Hooded 

 Crow. 



618 13. Jay. — 12. Corvus glandarius. 7. 



The wing coverts are blue, with tranfverfe white and black lines ; the body is pale ruf- 

 ty purple dafhed with grey, and the head is crefted. 



C. glandarius. Scop. an. 136. n. 39. Lath. ind. orn. i.* 157. n. 18. — Pica glandaria. Gefn. av. 

 700. Aldr. orn. i. 788. t. f. 789. Raj. av. 41. a. 2. — Garrulus. Brill*, av. ii. 47. n. 1. Nozem. ne- 

 derl. voy. t. 10. Schaef. el. t. 39. — Ghiandaja. Olin. ucc. 35. Cett. uc. fard. 76. Zinnan. uov. 67. 

 t. 10. f. 58. — Geay. Buff. oif. iii. 107. t. 8. PI. enl. n. 481. — Allonlkrika, Kornfkrik. Faun. fuec. 

 n. 90. — Holzfchreyer, Eichenheher, Nufsheher. Frifch, av. t. 55. Kram. el. 335. Gunth. neft. t. 

 38. — Jay. Brit. zool. i. n. 79. Arft. zool. ii. 252. e. Albin. av. i. t. 16. Will. orn. 130. t. 19. 

 Hayes, brit. b. t. 7. Lewin, brit. b. t. 38. Lath. fyn. i. 384. n. 19. fup. 79. 



Inhabits Europe, and Siberia as far as the Uralian mountains. — Is thirteen inches long, and 

 weighs fix or feven ounces \ the bill is ftrong, thick, and black, meafuring an inch and a quarter 

 In length, and having a thin black tongue which is cloven at the tip ; the chin is white ; at each 

 corner of the mouth is a large black fpot ; the fore-head is white with black ftreaks ; the feathers 

 of the head are very long and can be erected into a creft ; the firft quill feather of the wing 

 is black, the next nine are afli coloured, their inner webs being dufky, the next fix are black, 

 the lower furfaces of their outer webs being tinged with blue, the next two are black, and the inner- 

 moft is bay tipt with black ; the lefTer coverts are light bay, the greater coverts are blue barred with 

 - white and black, the fcapulars are black ; the rump is white ; the tail has twelve black quills ; the 

 legs and feet are pale brown, with large hooked claws : The neft is built on low bufhes, being form- 

 ed of fine fibres of tree roots ; in it the female lays five or fix dull whitifh olive coloured eggs, ob- 

 fcurely mottled with pale brown. The voice is loud and difagreeable ; when inticing the young to 

 follow, it refembles the mewing of a cat. Jays are very docile, and may be taught to fpeak In fum- 

 mer they are very deftrudtive to cherries and peafe, and in autumn and winter they feed on acorns ; 

 fome fay they likewife kill and devour fmall birds. 



« 



{jig /?. White Jay.— 12. /3. C. glandarius alhus. 



Is entirely white, with reddifh irides. Lath. ind. orn. i. 158. n. 18. p. Syn. i. 386. n. 19; a~ 



Garrulus albus. Brill", av. ii. 51. n. 1. A. Ger. orn. ii. 44. t. 162. 



The place of this variety is not mentioned. 



"Ml- 



