AMALOPINA. 259 



Section VI. AMALOPINA. 



Two submarginal cells ; four or five posterior cells ; discal cell closed or 

 open ; subcostal cross-vein far removed from the tip of the auxiliary 

 vein and anterior to the origin of the second longitudinal vein (Tab. II, 

 fig. 14-18). Tibise with spurs at the tip ; empodia distinct. Eyes 

 pubescent; front usually with a more or less distinct gibbosity. Normal 

 number of antennal joints sixteen or thirteen. 



The Tipulidde of this section form two natural groups, based 

 upon the number of joints of their antennae, and the peculiarities 

 of their venation. 



Pedicia and Amalopis have 16-jointed antennae; the second 

 submarginal cell is (in all cases which came under my observa- 

 tion) never longer, although generally but very little shorter, than 

 the first posterior cell ; the praefurca is rather elongated (Tab. II, 

 fig. 14, 15) ; the palpi seem to be usually longer than in the follow- 

 ing group. 



Dicranota, Phaphidolabis, and Plectromyia have 13-jointed 

 antennae ; the second submarginal cell is never shorter than the 

 firstjposterior, generally a little longer ; the praefurca is very short 

 (Tab. II, fig. 16-18; for more details concerning the differences 

 between these two groups, compare the genus Amalopis). 



The characters common to the two groups, and at the same 

 time distinctive of the Amalopina are : the position of the sub- 

 costal cross- vein; the pubescent eyes; the frequent occurrence 

 of the frontal gibbosity ; the frequent absence of the discal cell, 

 especially in the second group ; the peculiar shape of the penulti- 

 mate posterior cell (compare Tab. II, fig. 14-18), the inner end 

 of which is always much more extended inwards than in the 

 majority of the brevipalpous Tipulidse. This character, impart- 

 ing a pentagonal shape to the discal cell whenever it is closed, 

 is also of general occurrence among the Tipulidse longipalpi. 

 Among the latter the penultimate posterior cell, as a rule, has 



