﻿52 MESSES. ARNOLD-BEMROSE AND NEWTON ON AN [Feb. I905, 



It seems, from the foregoing comparative measurements, that the 

 two forms may be present in the Longcliffe Cave. When, however, 

 these bones are further compared with the extreme measurements 

 of the large series of bones from Windy Knoll given by Prof. W. 

 Boyd Dawkins, 1 all of which he refers to Bison, one feels much 

 less certain that the two species can be identified by their meta- 

 carpal bones. 



The metacarpal bone of an undoubted Bison-skeleton from Pleasley 

 Vale (Derbyshire), preserved in the Museum of Practical Geology, 

 Jermyn Street, is proportionately rather wider than the more slender 

 Longcliffe specimens : indeed, it comes about halfway between the 

 two forms, and, further, lends support to Prof. Boyd Dawkins's 

 determination when he refers all the Windy-Knoll bovine remains 

 to Bison. This, however, leaves us in the difficulty with which we 

 began, namely, the need of characters by which to distinguish the 

 limb-bones of Bos from those of Bison. 



Bovine remains have been met with in every stratum of the 

 LongclifTe Cave, from No. I to No. 9. 



Cekvus giganteus, Blumenb. (Great Irish Deer.) (PI. VIII, 

 figs. 1 & 5.) 



Only a few bones and teeth of this large deer have been found, 

 but fortunately these leave no doubt as to the species being present 

 in the cave. A series of six upper grinders in the maxillary bone is 

 the most important of these remains ; two large cervine metacarpal 

 bones are, however, equally characteristic of the species. A big 

 astragalus, that at first sight might be mistaken for one of Bos, has 

 the wide, clearly-marked, oblique groove of the distal articulation, 

 which seems to separate the astragalus of Cervus from that of Bos. 



One of the above-mentioned specimens came from layer No. Ill, 

 but the horizon of the others is uncertain. 



Ceevtjs elaphus, Linn. (Bed Deer.) (PI. VIII, fig. 2.) 



Although cervine bones and teeth are very numerous in this 

 cave, comparatively few can be referred to the red deer. Limb- 

 bones of a large size, including tibias, metacarpals, metatarsals, and 

 other foot-bones, indicate a deer apparently larger than the ordinal- 

 red deer as we now know it, but doubtless belong to this species. 



Such fragments of antlers as have been found cannot be positively 

 referred to this species ; most, if not all, of them agree better with 

 the fallow-deer. All the specimens that can be definitely termed 

 red deer were found in the upper layers between No. I and No. 8. 



Cerves dama, Linn. (Fallow-Deer.) (PL VII, fig. 6, & PI. VIII, 



fig. 3.) 



By far the greater number of the deer-bones and teeth from this 



cave are of such a size, that, had they been found in a recent deposit, 



they would, with little hesitation, we think, have been regarded as 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxi (1875) p. 247. 



