﻿Vol. 6 1.] OSSIFEROUS CAVERN AT LONGCLIFFE. 57 



Amphibia. 



Rana temporaria, Linn. (Frog.) 



About thirty bones of frogs were found, among the small bones 

 obtained by Mr. Arnold-Bemrose by washing the cave-earth in fine 

 sieves. Some of these are definitely referable to the above species ; 

 others, although belonging to the same genus, are not specifically 

 determinable : sixteen of these were from the north-north-western 

 lower layer (JS"o. 11), three from the south-south-eastern fissure 

 (JNo. 1 0), and the remainder from the tip-heap made by our pre- 

 decessors in this work. 



Bufo vulgaris, Lauren ti. (Toad.) 



Eleven bones, belonging to two individuals of large size, including 

 three ilia, a humerus, and other limb-bones, are clearly referable to 

 this species. Mne of the specimens were from the north-north- 

 western lower layer (No. 11), and two from the tip-heaps. 



General Remarks on the Vertebrate Remains. 



Altogether, some twenty-seven or twenty-eight species of verte- 

 brate animals have been identified from Longcliffe, which is nearly 

 twice as many as had been previously known from Derbyshire caves. 

 We must remember, however, that half of these are small rodents, 

 birds, and amphibia which have not been mentioned by previous 

 writers. The number of larger species (sixteen) is the same as 

 that recorded by Prof. Boyd Dawkins from Robin-Hood Cave ; but 

 there are noteworthy differences in the species. We have no evidence 

 of the presence of man at LongclifFe, neither have we detected 

 Machwrodus or leopard ; all the other carnivora found in Robin- 

 Hood Cave are present also at Longcliffe, and in addition we have 

 the badger. 



Among the Ungulata there are some peculiar differences. The 

 great Irish deer is present in both caves ; but the only other deer 

 recorded from Creswell is the reindeer : now, this is conspicuously 

 absent from Longcliffe, and its absence is the more remarkable in 

 that it occurs in nearly all the lists of mammals from Derbyshire 

 caves. 1 On the other hand, we have at Longcliffe not only the red 

 deer, which has been recorded from Pleasley Yale, but a great 

 abundance of another form which we believe to be fallow-deer. 



The wild boar does not seem to have been previously recorded 

 from Derbyshire. 



The rhinoceros present at Longcliffe is undoubtedly Bh. lejito- 

 rhinus, Owen (= Bh. hemitcechus, Falconer), whereas the Bh. 

 antiquitatis ( = Bh. tichorhinus), or woolly rhinoceros, is the only 

 species hitherto recorded from Derbyshire, and it appears in nearly 

 all the published lists. 



1 [Since the reading of this paper we have detected one flattened fragment of 

 an antler, which may perhaps belong to a reindeer, from layer No. III. — 

 January 11th, 1905.] 



