﻿Vol, 6 I.] THE OSSIFEROUS CAVERN AT LONGCLIFFE. 59 



The absence of the horse from Longcliffe is another peculiarity, 

 for this species is likewise present in most of the Derbyshire caves. 



The Longcliffe elephant, again, is peculiar, for there is no doubt 

 as to its being Eleplias antiquns l ; while it is the mammoth 

 (E. jprimigenhis) that has been found in Robin-Hood Cave and 

 Church Hole. Both species are known to occur in caves in other 

 parts of England. 



Very little is yet known of the small mammals and birds which 

 existed in Derbyshire when the cave-earths were being deposited. 

 Some of the Longcliffe deposits have been washed through sieves ; 

 but, as we have seen, the results were not encouraging. We think, 

 however, that the few small forms found are worthy of being 

 recorded, although the species may now be living in the district ; for 

 nearly all of them, we know from other evidence, were living in 

 this country in Pleistocene times. 



V. Tabulation of the Specimens. 



The total number of specimens obtained was 8006. These were 

 all washed, treated with glue, and sorted. Of these, 2582 were in 

 such a fragmentary condition that they were placed on one side as 

 useless for determination. The remaining 5424 were numbered 

 and catalogued ; of these 4545 have been determined, and the 

 remaining 879 consist of vertebrae and ribs, requiring more time 

 for their determination than we have been able to devote to them, 

 and of fragments which were in too broken a condition to be 

 named. The accompanying Table I (p. 58) shows the number of each 

 genus and species recognized from the various layers or portions of 

 the cavern which we thought it necessary to keep distinct (see 

 PI. V), and the number of undetermined and broken specimens. 

 Column M contains those specimens which we were unable to 

 allocate to any special position worth noting, and column G those 

 obtained before we began work. 



It will be seen from the horizontal section (PI. V, tig. 1) that 

 the specimens obtained before we commenced the work probably 

 belonged to one or more of the layers Nos. I-V, because they came 

 from that part of the cavern which extended from the south-south- 

 eastern end to a point 34 feet to the north-north-west of it and on 

 the higher level above the line AB. There is little doubt that those 

 from layers !Nos. 6, 7, 8, & 9 belong to the same group, and were 

 introduced through the swallow-hole. We have, therefore, grouped 

 together the specimens from layers Nos. 1-9, and kept separate 

 those from Nos. 1 & 11 in Table II (p. 60). Of the 4545 specimens 

 named, 4444 came from the upper series of bone-beds (Nos. 1-9), 

 50 from the narrow joint below the south-south-eastern end of the 

 cavern (No. 10), and 51 from the lower level above the bedded 

 sand and clay (No. 11). 



1 Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins has examined the tooth, and accepts it as evidence 

 of Elepkas antiquns. 



