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ME. E. H. EASTALL ON THE 



[Aug. 1905, 



clear evidence of contemporaneous erosion. In the highest 

 beds of the Lias a large hollow has been formed, and this hollow is 

 filled with a mass of false-bedded sandstone, which passes laterally 

 into shale. At the base of this sandstone is a layer of ferruginous 

 conglomerate, with grains of glauconite ; and this is continued for 

 some distance to the east as a hard bed of ironstone, which is very 

 well exposed on the beach, forming a sort of raised shelf at the foot 

 of the cliff. 



The appended figure gives a diagrammatic representation of this 

 interesting section : unfortunately, the lower portion is often partly 

 hidden by accumulations of shingle and seaweed. 



Fig. 1. — Contemporaneous erosion of the Lias, East Cliff, Whitby. 



=5_= =- 



5 = Shales of the Estuarine Series. 

 4 = False-bedded sandstone. 

 3 = Ferruginous conglomerate. 



2 = Ironstone-band. 



1 = Upper Lias (Alurn-Shale). 



, S = Shingle of beach. 



This is evidently a case in which a channel, cut in the Lias by a 

 current, has been filled by material of Oolitic age. 



Immediately west of this wash-out the Dogger is unusually thin,, 

 thus : — 



Thickness in feet inches. 

 Flaggy sandstone above. 



Ironstone 1 



Pebble-Bed 3 



Very ferruginous shale 2 



Hard Alum-Shale below. 



The 2-foot bed of ferruginous shale is merely the uppermost layer 

 of the Alum-Shale, stained by infiltration from above. The Pebble- 

 Bed is here very well marked, and contains pebbles of the usual 

 character, but often measuring as much as 3 inches in diameter. 



On the eastern side of Whitby Harbour the Dogger is inaccessible 

 for some distance, being about 40 feet above high-water mark under 

 the East-Pier Ladder ; but loose blocks abound on the beach, and 

 the whole Dogger Series often falls down in one block. It consists 

 of about 2 J feet of reddish-grey ferruginous sandstone above, with 

 a concretionary base 1 foot thick, consisting of large calcareous 

 nodules, and very numerous black pebbles up to 3 inches in 

 diameter at the bottom, decreasing in size upwards. The upper 

 bed of sandstone contains much carbonaceous matter, chiefly stems 



