Genus Junonia 



(i) Junonia ccenia, Hubner, Plate XX, Fig. 7, $ ; Plate III, 

 Figs. 29, 30, larva; Plate IV, Figs. 56, 57, 65-67, chrysalis (The 

 Buckeye). 



Butterfly. — The figure in the plate is far better than any verbal 

 description. On the under side the eye-like spots of the upper 

 side are reproduced, but are much smaller, especially on the hind 

 wings. There is much variety in the ground-color of the wings 

 on the under side. Some specimens are reddish-gray, and some 

 are quite heavily and solidly pinkish-red on the secondaries. 

 Expanse, 2.00-2.25 inches. 



Egg. — The egg is dark green. 



Caterpillar. — The caterpillar is dark in color, longitudinally 

 striped, and adorned with branching spines, two of which are on 

 the head and point forward. 



Chrysalis. —The chrysalis is generally pale wood-brown, 

 strongly arched on the dorsal and concave on the ventral side. 

 It always hangs at less than a right angle to the surface from 

 which it depends. 



This is a very common butterfly in the Southern States, 

 ranging northward as far as New England, westward to the 

 Pacific, and southward to Colombia. The caterpillar feeds on 

 various species of plantain (Plantago), also Gerardia and Antir- 

 rhinum. When I was a lad in western North Carolina these 

 insects fairly swarmed one summer; thousands of the caterpil- 

 lars could be found in worn-out fields, feeding on the narrow- 

 leaved plantain, and every fence-rail had one or more of their 

 chrysalids hanging from the under side. I have never seen such 

 multitudes of this species since then. The butterflies are quite 

 pugnacious, and will fight with other passing butterflies, dashing 

 forth upon them, and chasing them away. 



(2) Junonia lavinia, Cramer, Plate XX, Fig. 8, $ (Lavinia). 



Butterfly. — This species may be distinguished by the more 

 rounded apex and the more deeply excavated outer margin of the 

 fore wings, and also by the decided elongation of the outer margin 

 of the hind wings at the end of the submedian vein. The wings 

 are paler on the upper side than in the preceding species, and the 

 eye-like spots much smaller. Expanse, 2.00 inches. 



The early stages are not accurately known. The insect is 

 common in the Antilles and South America, but is only now and 

 then taken in the extreme southern parts of Texas. 



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