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1875.1 Rhinoceroses. 51 



Rhinoceros sondaicus is found at all elevations, as remarked of it by Dr. 

 Horsfield, in Java; and from the mountains of Palouk, thirty miles 

 north of Mergui, a writer quoted by the Kev. E. Mason observes— " We 

 were on the summit of the highest range of mountains in the provinces- 

 The tall timber trees at the first ascent were dwindled into a thick growth 

 of stunted bushes, unmixed with a single shrub. The path, which was 

 narrow and steep, had reached a level spot, that had been in the rains 

 the wallowing place of a rhinoceros; for it has the habit of wallowing 

 in the mire no less than the hog and the buffalo." The Sumatra Rhinoceros 

 was also tracked by General Eytche to an altitude of about 4000 feet, when 

 he obtained a close view of the animal with two finely developed horns.* 

 Crawfurd was assured at Bangkok that a thousand Ehinoceros horns were 

 thence annually exported to China. 



According to Heifer, the R. indicus, in addition to R. sondaicus, inhabits 

 the northern portion of the Tenasserim provinces ; and Mason asserts that a 

 single-horned Ehinoceros from the Arakan jungles was purchased by the 

 London Zoological Society, and lived for many years in the Eegent's Park, 

 the species in that case being unquestionably R. indicus. Again, according 

 to a writer in the Oriental Sporting Magazine,! both species of one-horned 

 Ehinoceros occur in Burma, and he cites, as his authority for the statement, a 

 writer in the first series of the same periodical (vol. ii. p. 35), mentioning that 

 his said authority appears to be "a thorough sportsman and no mean 

 naturalist." I nevertheless hesitate, upon present evidence, to admit the 

 Great Indian Ehinoceros into the list of Burmese animals. 



126. Ceeatoehestus ceossii? 

 Ehinoceros crossii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 250, with figure of anterior horn, 32 in. 

 in length over the curvature, and 17 in. in span from base to tip ; R. lasiotis, Sclater. 



Ear-fringed Ehinoceros. In the Ehinoceroses of this type the hide is 

 comparatively thin, and is not tessellated or tuberculated, nor does it form a 

 " coat of mail/' as in the preceding; but there is one great groove (rather 

 than fold or plait) behind the shoulder-blades, and a less conspicuous crease 

 on the flank, which does not extend upwards to cross the loins, as represented 

 in E. Cuvier's figure ; and there are also slight folds on the neck and at base 

 of the limbs; the skin being moreover hairy throughout. There is also a 

 second horn placed at some distance behind the nasal one. 



Until recently, the existence of more than one species was unsuspected. 

 In 1868, a young female was captured in the province of Chittagong, and on 



* J. A. S. B. xxxi. p. 157. t July, 1832, p. 301. 



