1864.] An Account of Upper Kdsh-kdr. 187 



The other streams in succession are, the U'-sheri, whose volume is the 

 most considerable of the Panj-korah rivers, and the Karah, both of 

 which run in an almost parallel direction to the Tal, with intervals of 

 from twelve to twenty miles from each other ; and the Birah-wol from 

 the north-west, whose source is in the lofty hills held by the Si'ah-posh 

 Kafirs, separating the valley of the Kash-kar or Cheghan-sarae river 

 from the Panj-korah district. All these (except the Birah-wol) unite 

 near the village of Babat, and after flowing south for about another 

 twenty miles, under the names of Panj-korah, U'sheri, and Malizi 

 river, receives the small rivers of Baba Karah, Jandawal, and Baj- 

 awrr from the north-west, which, after watering the small valleys 

 bearing those names, unite with the Birah-wol river before they fall 

 into the main stream in the district of Talash. About twenty-six 

 miles further south, the Panj-korah river receives, near the village of 

 Khwadarzi, the river of Suwat— the supposed Suastus of the ancients 

 —a stream of great rapidity in many places, and of considerable 

 length and volume— from the north-east. It rises in the hills bound- 

 ing Gilgitt on the west, and runs, for some distance, nearly parallel 

 to the other streams on the same side* The united waters now 

 become a clear, deep, and rapid river, known as the " Landdaey Sind," 

 in Pus'hto signifying " The Little" or " Lesser Biver" (in reference 

 to the Indus, which is called the " Aba Sind," or " Bather of Bivers," 

 in this part of its course), which, lower down, near the village of Aba- 

 zi, separates into several branches, which at Hasht-nagar, in the Do- 

 abah of the Pes'hawar district, again unite, and, at length, disem- 

 bogues into the river of Kabul, near the village of Noh-satah, about 

 forty-five miles from its junction with the Suwat. The Panj-korah or 

 Landdaey river is supposed to be the Gurasus of the classical authors, 

 and is the most considerable river of these regions after the Kabul. 



The Panj-korah district slopes down considerably from north to 

 south; hence the rapidity of the rivers, the main streams of which, 

 in the summer months, increase so much in volume and rapidity on 

 the melting of the snows, as to become impassable altogether, except 

 by means of rafts, and even then, with considerable difiieulty and 

 danger. The Lahori, or Dfr, becomes dry in the winter months ; and 

 the other lesser rivers, or kliwarrs, as they are termed, in the Afghan 



* See my « Account of Suwat," in the Journal for 1862, page 227, in which 

 an account of the upper sources of the Suwat river will be found. 



