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0^ £&<s Vegetation of the Jhelum District. [No. 3> 



Poiamogeton crispus, L. 

 Juncus hufonius, L. 

 Celsia Coromandeliana, Vahl. 

 Mumeoo acutus. 



In their vicinity, the vegetation is usually of much greater luxuri* 

 ance than that of the surrounding country. 



Teact of EavIkes, 

 This constitutes that portion of the country between the Eatiati 

 and Bukrala ranges ; as also that to the north of the Bukrala and Salt 

 ranges. It consists of plain ground broken here and there by low- 

 elevations, and cut up in every direction by ravines. The average alti- 

 tude of these plains about Chuckowal and Tullagung is 1000 feet 

 above the sea level. Their geological formation is chiefly tertiary mio- 

 cene, with little or no surface soil. The vegetation is much poorer than 

 that met with in the Jhelum tract. The agricultural products are 

 chiefly Bajree and Jowar, which are usually very fine, bearing heavy 

 crops if there has been a good rainy season. Wheat is poor, and cotton 

 also, except where cultivated in the courses of the nullahs or ravines in 

 which alluvium has been deposited : the small garden plots, for they 

 appear little or nothing more, are then watered from wells sunk at 

 a little distance from the bank of the nullah : this kind of culti- 

 vation is well illustrated, at Doomun ; where seven or eight wells, 

 with their garden plots of cotton and tobacco are seen, on the 

 margin of the nullah at the base of the fortress. Except near wells 

 or bunnees or tanks, trees other than the Baer and Kekur are scarcely 

 to be met with, and these are uncommon, From Chuckowal west- 

 wards, large and fine crops of gram, Oicer arietimm, with varieties'of 

 JPhaseolus are raised, this country supplying much of the gram to the 

 rest of the Punjaub. 



To the west of Chuckowal the land spreads out into much more 

 extensive plains, and is much less cut up by small ravines than that 

 to the east of it, although traversed by many large nullahs, upon the 

 banks of which good fodder is obtainable, and where we find the Dal- 

 hergia Sissoo, Sheshum, growing in its natural soil and producing tim- 

 ber by no means to be despised : especially near Tullagung. 



Herbage is not procurable for cattle except on the low ranges of 

 hills, and in the ravines that run through this tract, or on the banks 



