1864.] 



Literary Intelligence, 



833 



a series of four umbrellas resting on a square pedestal, and I conclude 

 that the great Tope itself must originally have been finished in the 

 same manner. I am quite satisfied that Manikyala is the holy site 

 where Buddha was believed to have made so many sacrifices of his 

 body to a starving tiger. Suta-murtti, which means ' sacrifice, or 

 oblation, of body' is found twice in General Court's inscription, and the 

 ground, as described by Hwen Thsang, is still red with blood of the 

 holy Teacher. 



Near Shah-ki-Dheri there are the remains of a very extensive city, 

 with stone walls and square towers and streets at right angles, exactly 

 like Taxila as described by Philostratus. There are also scattered 

 around the city the remains of 30 or 40 monasteries and of not less 

 than 50 Topes, of which two are somewhat larger than the Great 

 Manikyala Tope. I discovered the base of a pure Greek Ionic 

 column. 



The parade ground of the Eawul Pindi cantonment is another 

 ancient site, which has yielded several didrachms of Azas and Hippos- 

 tratus besides one unique didrachm of Appollodotus. • 



Another ancient city exists near Hasan Abdal and close to Baoti 

 Pind. It possesses several Topes all of which had been opened except 

 one, on the top of a hill, in which I obtained a gold coin of about 

 A. D. 400 to 500. 



I still adhere to my original position of Aornos at JSTogram, as 

 published in 1848. The hollow or valley on the top of the hill agrees 

 exactly with the descriptions of Aornos, and the place is besides 

 attributed to Raja Vara. 



Profr. Holmboe of Christiania draws attention to further discoveries 

 of the relations which formerly existed between Asia and Scandinavia. 

 A summary of these is given in a letter from him to Babu Rajendralal 

 Mitra, of which the following is a translation. 



" In the memoir on the Ortug or Tola, I showed that the ortug of the 

 medieval Scandinavians was identical with the tola of the Indians • 

 which is the more remarkable, as no other European nation has made 

 use of a similar weight. The ortug is = £ eyris = •& of the Scandi- 

 navian mark, as in Southern India the tola = ■§■ pala = JL- of the sir. 

 Many of the ancient weights in the museums of Scandinavian 

 countries are marked with points or circles equal in number to their 



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