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lige Zooeciers Contractionsmuskler bevæge sig, bøie Gre- 

 nene sig saa stærkt sammen, at Polyzoariet danner næ- 

 sten en Kugle, og da skjules ganske baade den korte 

 Stilk og de den omgivende Eodtraade ; ophører Contrac- 

 tionen, antage Grenene en næsten opret Stilling, men da 

 hele Coloniens Dyr sjelden benytte Contractionsmusklerne 

 samtidigt, saa antage Grenene ofte meget smukke, bløde 

 Former. 



To Exemplarer af denne Art bleve fundne af Da- 

 nielssen ved Vadsø paa 90 Favnes Dyb, leerholdig Sand- 

 bund. Et Exemplar er fundet ved Spitsbergen af Profes- 

 sor Loven. 



SLÆGTEN KINETOSKIAS 1 ) 

 CHARACTERISERES: 



Polyzoariet forsynet med Stilk, hvorfra dichotomiske, 

 bevægelige Grene, sammenbundne i kortere eller længere 

 Udstrækning ved en Membran, udstraale skjærmformigt. 

 Zooecierne afvexlende, biseriale, langstrakte, næsten om- 

 vendt coniske, forsynede med en eller to Apophyser. 

 Hvert Zooecium har en særskilt Bevægelsesmuskel. 



K1NETOSK1AS SM1TT11 



CHARACTERISERES : 



Polyzoariet skjærmformigt, langstilket med 4 Hoved- 

 grene, forenede ved en Membran. Zooecierne langstrakte, 

 omvendt coniske, tverstribede paa den bagerste Flades ne- 

 derste Del, og forsynede med en Torn paa det øvre, ydre 

 Hjørne samt 1 eller 2 Apophyser paa den øverste for- 

 reste Rand, hvorfra Bevægelsesmuskelen udspringer. Avi- 

 culariet siddende, fladtrykt og meget forlænget bagtil. 



KINETOSKIAS ABBOBESOENS 

 CHARACTERISERES: 



Polyzoariet kortstilket, udstraalende skjærmformigt 

 med 4 Hovedgrene. Disse, saavelsom Bigrenene ere for- 

 enede i stor Udstrækning ved en Membran. Zooecierne af- 

 lange, næsten kølleformige, forsynede paa deres øverste 

 Hvælv med 1 eller 2 Apophyser (Fæstepunkter for Be- 

 vægelsesmuskelen), Zooeciernes forreste Flade indtages 

 for Størstedelen af Mundareaen ; den bagerste Flade er 

 planconvex, stribet. Aviculariet stilket, leddet, siddende 

 paa det øvre, ydre Hjørne. 



Smitt har i sin kritiske Fortegnelse over Skandina- 

 viens Hafsbryozoer givet en Beskrivelse over Kinetoskias 

 arborescens under Benævnelsen Bugula umbella; men da 

 Danielssen allerede tidligere havde beskrevet den under 

 førstnævnte Navn, have vi bibeholdt dette. Smitt har 

 «rkjendt, at denne Bryozo skiller sig i sin Form betyde- 



l ) Af kivijtoS, bevægelig; 6uiaS en Solskjærm. 



muscles of the zooecium move themselves, the branches 

 are bent so strongly together that the polyzoarium nearly 

 forms a globe, and then both the short stem and the 

 rootlets which surround it, are entirely concealed; when 

 the contraction ceases, the branches assume a nearly 

 erect position; but as the animals of the whole colony 

 seldom employ the contracting muscles at the same time, 

 the branches often acquire very beautiful soft forms. 



Two specimens of this species were found by Daniels- 

 sen at Vadsø, at the depth of 90 fathoms, on clayey 

 sand bottom; one specimen was found at Spitsbergen 

 by Professor Loven. 



THE GENUS KINETOSKIAS 1 ) 

 IS CHARACTERISED: 

 The polyzoarium furnished with a stem, whence dicho- 

 tomical movable branches, connected in a shorter or longer 

 extent by a membrane, radiate umbrella-like. The zooecia 

 alternating, biserial, elongated, nearly inverted-conical, 

 provided with one or two apophyses. Each zooecium 

 has a separate motor muscle. 



KINETOSKIAS SM1TTII 



IS CHARACTERISED: 

 The polyzoarium umbrella-shaped, elongated, with 4 

 main-branches connected by a membrane. The zooecia 

 elongated, inverted-conical, transversely striated on the 

 lower part of the posterior surface, and armed with a 

 spine on the upper exterior angle, with 1 or 2 apophyses 

 on the upper anterior margin, whence the motor muscle 

 issues. The aviculary sessile, depressed and very much 

 elongated backwards. 



KINETOSKIAS ABBOBESCENS 



IS CHARACTERISED: 

 The polyzoarium short-stemmed, radiating umbrella- 

 like, with 4 main branches. These, as well as the sub- 

 sidiary branches, are connected in a great extent by a 

 membrane. The zooecia are oblong, nearly claviform, 

 having on their upper convexity 1 or 2 apophyses (points 

 of attachment for the motor muscle). The anterior sur- 

 face of the zooecia is occupied for the greater part by 

 the oral area; the posterior surface is plano-convex and 

 striated. The aviculary pedunculated, articulated and 

 situated on the upper exterior angle. 



Smitt has, in his critical lip of the sea Bryozoa of 

 Scandinavia, given a description of the Kinetoskias arbore- 

 scens, under the denomination Bugula umbella; but as 

 Danielssen has already previously described it under the 

 first name, we have retained it. Smitt has acknowledged 

 that this Bryozoon differs considerably in its form from 



l ) From xivqzoS, movable; 6mas, a parasol. 



15 





